intermolecular forces

Question 1

intermolecular forces occur ….?

Answer 1

between different molecules

Question 2

“inter” in “intermolecular” means what?

Answer 2

between, as in the forces between whole molecules.

(Like how international means between different countries/nations)

Question 3

What are the intermolecular bonds in water?

Answer 3

different molecules of H2O being held together by INTERMOLECULAR forces to form whole water droplets, instead of falling apart

Question 4

intramolecular forces occur…?

Answer 4

within one molecule. As in, the forces inside or within a single molecule that holds together it’s individual atoms

Question 5

What are the intramolecular forces in water?

Answer 5

the covalent bonds that hold together the oxygen and hydrogen atoms INSIDE the water molecule

Question 6

What are electrostatic forces?

Answer 6

forces that occur because of the electrical charge, as in the ATTRACTION between positive and negatively charged particles, and REPULSION of molecules of the same charge kind

Question 7

Ionic bonds are inter-molecular or intra-molecular?

Answer 7

ionic bonds are INTRAMOLECULAR, because they happen between a negative and positive atom or ION, to form a molecule = they are within/inside a molecule. like positive Na and negative Cl to make NaCl. also electrostatic by the way because of the negative and positive

Question 8

Polar bonding is intermolecular or intramolecular?

Answer 8

INTERMOLECULAR, because it occurs between whole polar MOLECULES.

Question 9

What is a polar molecule?

Answer 9

molecules with one slightly positive end and a slightly negative end.

Question 10

why is hydrogen-bromine molecule polar?

Answer 10

in hydrogen-bromide, where the bromine is closer to the top right (where fluorine is most top and most right), than hydrogen= bromine is more electronegative. So even though hydrogen and bromine share, bromine will pull the shared electrons slightly closer to itself and slightly further from hydrogen = making bromine slightly more negative and hydrogen slightly more positive. Now the whole hydrogen-bromine molecule is polar

Question 11

How and why does bonding between polar molecules work?

Answer 11

intermolecular + electrostatic forces attract the slightly positive end of a polar molecule (like hydrogen-bromine) to the slightly negative end of another polar molecule.

Question 12

What is the link between a molecule being polar and dipole-dipole bonding?

Answer 12

dipole = DI + POLE = 2 poles.
A polar molecule has 2 POLES, a positive POLE and a negative POLE.
(Like the North Pole and the South Pole. Just both extreme opposites) So bonding between polar molecules would have the positive pole of one polar molecule bond to the negative pole of another polar molecule. This would make this whole thing DIPOLE-DIPOLE bonding. Get it?

Question 13

Hydrogen bonding is intermolecular or intramolecular?

Answer 13

intermolecular + electrostatic.

Question 14

Hydrogen bonds can only occur

Answer 14

anywhere where there is a HYDROGEN and another STRONGLY ELECTRONEGATIVE atom.
(remember fluorine is most electronegative, at the most top + most right, then oxygen and nitrogen)

Question 15

a hydrogen bond is also a what other type of bond?

Answer 15

covalent bond, because it shares it’s electron with the other atom

Question 16

What is a hydrogen bond?

Answer 16

an INTERMOLECULAR + electrostatic attraction between a hydrogen atom (with a slight positive charge) and a strongly electronegative atom OF ANOTHER MOLECULE

Question 17

Are intermolecular or intramolecular forces stronger?

Answer 17

Intramolecular forces are stronger. It makes sense because the forces holding a molecule together SHOULD be stronger than the forces holding two separate molecules together right? It SHOULD be easier to pull apart two separate molecules into individuals than to pull apart one individual molecule into its very atoms.

Question 18

What is the main rule for knowing which force is the strongest?

Answer 18

the bigger the difference in charge, the stronger the attraction between atoms/molecules

Question 19

What are the first and second strongest forces?

Answer 19

1) metallic bonds (intramolecular + strong because it involves positive and negative ions with FULL CHARGES)
2) ionic bonds (intramolecular + also strong because it involves positive and negative ions with FULL CHARGES)

Question 20

What is the 3rd strongest force and why?

Answer 20

3) polar covalent bonds (intramolecular + strong but not the strongest because even though it does involve positive and negative charges, the differences in the charges are only SLIGHT, because remember electronegativity and unequal sharing of electrons.)

Question 21

What is the 4th strongest force and why?

Answer 21

4) non-polar covalent bonds (intramolecular + pretty weak because there is NO charge difference at all between the particles in the bond.)

Question 22

What are the four intramolecular forces?

Answer 22

1) metallic
2) ionic
3) polar covalent
4) non-polar covalent
(M.I.P. an .N, zu zu zu, zu zu zuz)

Question 23

What are the two strongest intermolecular forces and why?

Answer 23

1) hydrogen bonds (stronger than dipole because the large electronegativity difference between hydrogen and the MEGA-ELECTRONEGATIVE atom it bonds with = a greater attraction = a stronger bond. But still only partial charges)
2) dipole-dipole bonds (still element of negative and positive that makes it not the weakest, but it still is only a slight charge difference because of electronegativity)

Question 24

What is a dipole-induced dipole attraction?

Answer 24

occurs between 2 molecules where only ONE has a slight/partial charge and the other is fully non-polar. Obviously, because it isn’t opposite-opposite like dipole-dipole, it isn’t as strong as dipole-dipole.