Bonding

Question 1

Metallic bonds are between?

Answer 1

positively charged metal ions and negatively charged electrons

Question 2

Why is metallic bonding different to other types?

Answer 2

because the electrons are not linked to any of the ions, the ions are just surrounded by a sea of electrons

Question 3

What is ionic bonding?

Answer 3

when different atoms form bonds by gaining or losing electrons

Question 4

Why do atoms use ionic bonding?

Answer 4

to become more stable. atoms bond with each other so that they can fill the spaces in their outer electron shells, that make them unstable

Question 5

Do metal ions tend to give or gain electrons, and what happens when they do?

Answer 5

give, to become electropositive

Question 6

Do non-metal ions tend to give or gain electrons?

Answer 6

gain to become electronegative

Question 7

What makes an element more or less electropositive?

Answer 7

How much effort is required to for them to give/ gain electrons from their outer shell to become stable. For example Mg (12) has 12 electrons, so 2 in the first shell, 8 in the second shell and 2 in the outer shell. But Na (11) has 2 in the first shell, 8 in the second shell and 1 in the outer shell. Mg needs to get rid of 2 electrons to become stable and Na need to get rid of 1. Because their electrons are in the same shell (number 3), Na needs less effort to become stable than Mg, which makes it more electropositive. But, element K (19) has 2 in the first shell, 8 in the second shell, 8 in the third shell and 1 in the outer shell. Even though both element K and element Na only need to give away one, because K’s last electron is in the fourth shell and not the third (like Na), it doesn’t hold on to it as much (the protons in the centre and much farther away), and so K is even more electropositive, because it will take even less effort than Na to become stable and lose the outer electron

Question 8

What makes an element more or less electronegative?

Question 10

What is a covalent bond?

Answer 10

when atoms form bonds by sharing their outer shell electrons, instead of just giving them up or taking some in

Question 11

How does the charge change on covalently bonded atoms

Answer 11

it doesn’t because no electrons leave their original atoms