Intermediate Flashcards
to eat in/to eat out
خانه غذا خوردن/ بيرون غذا خوردن
to eat at home/to eat in a restaurant
· I feel too tired to go out for dinner. Let’s eat in again tonight.
· When you eat out, what restaurant do you generally go to?
cut and dried
قابل پيش بيني
predictable, known beforehand; boring
· The results of the national election were rather cut and dried; the Republicans won easily.
· A job on a factory assembly line is certainly cut and dried.
to look after (to take care of, to keep an eye on)
نگاه كردن، نظارت كردن، مراقب بودن
to watch, to supervise, to protect (also: to take care of, to keep an eye on)
· Grandma will look after the baby while we go to the lecture.
· Who is going to take care of your house plants while you are away?
· I’d appreciate it if you’d keep an eye on my car while I’m in the store.
to feel like
هوس كردن، دل خواستن… (كاري كه خوب نيست)
to have the desire to, to want to consider
This idiom is usually followed by a gerund (the -ing form of a verb used as a noun).
· I don’t feel like studying tonight. Let’s go to a basketball game.
· I feel like taking a long walk. Would you like to go with me?
once and for all
یک بار و برای همیشه، بعد از همه ی این حرفها
finally, absolutely
· My daughter told her boyfriend once and for all that she wouldn’t date him anymore.
· Once and for all, John has quit smoking cigarettes.
to hear from
خبري از كسي(چيزي) داشتن… (رسمي و اداري)
to receive news or information from
To hear from is used for receiving a letter, telephone call, etc., from a person or organization.
· I don’t hear from my brother very often since he moved to Chicago.
· Have you heard from the company about that new job?
to hear of
توجه نكردن (استفاده منفي)، آشنا بودن، دانستن درباره
to know about, to be familiar with; to consider (The second definition is always used in the
negative.)
· When I asked for directions to Mill Street, the police officer said that she had never heard of it.
· Byron strongly disagreed with my request by saying, «I won’t hear of it!»
to make fun of
دست انداختن كسي
o laugh at, to joke about
· They are making fun of Carlo’s new hair style. Don’t you think that it’s really strange?
· Don’t make fun of Jose’s English. He’s doing the best he can.
to come true
به واقعيت پيوستن آرزويي، اثبات درستي
o laugh at, to joke about
· They are making fun of Carlo’s new hair style. Don’t you think that it’s really strange?
· Don’t make fun of Jose’s English. He’s doing the best he can.
as a matter of fact
در واقع اگ راستش را بخواهي
really, actually (also: in fact)
· Hans thinks he knows English well but, as a matter of fact, he speaks very poorly.
· I didn’t say that. In fact, I said quite the opposite.
to have one’s way
to arrange matters the way one wants (especially when someone else doesn’t want the
same way) (also: to get one’s way)
· My brother always wants to have his way, but this time our parents said that we could do what I wanted.
· If Sheila doesn’t get her way, she becomes very angry.
to look forward to
با اشتياق منتظر چيزي بودن
to expect or anticipate with pleasure
This idiom can be followed by a regular noun or a gerund.
· We’re greatly looking forward to our vacation in Mexico.
· Margaret never looks forward to going to work.
inside out
پشت رو پوشيدن لباسي
with the inside facing the outside
· Some one should tell little Bobby that his shirt is inside out.
· The high winds ruined the umbrella by blowing it inside out.
upside down
وارونه، واژگون، چَپِه
with the upper side turned toward the lower side
· The accident caused one car to turn upside down, its wheels spinning in the air.
· One of the students was only pretending to read her textbook; the teacher could see that the book was
actually upside down.
to fill in
نوشتن جواب در، پر كردن (اطلاعات)، گفتن يا رساندن (اطلاعات)
to write answers in (S); to inform, to tell (S)
For the second definition, the idiom can be followed by the preposition on and the information that someone is
told.
· You should be careful to fill in the blanks on the registration form correctly.
· Barry was absent from the meeting, so I’d better fill him in.
· Has anyone filled the boss in on the latest public relations disaster
to fill out
تكميل كردن، پركردن (تمام)
to complete a form (S)
This idiom is very similar to the first definition above. To fill in refers to completing various parts of a form,
while to fill out refers to completing a form as one whole item.
· Every prospective employee must fill out an application by giving name, address, previous j
to take advantage of
سود بردن از شرايطي، سو استفاده كردن از كسي
to use well, to profit from; to use another person’s weaknesses to gain what one wants
· I took advantage of my neighbor’s superior skill at tennis to improve my own ability at the game.
· Teddy is such a small, weak child that his friends take advantage of him all the time. They take advantage
of him by demanding money and making him do things for them.
no matter
چيزي نيست، اهميت ندارد
regardless of
This idiom is a shortened form of it doesn’t matter. It is followed by a question word such as how, where, when,
who, etc.
· No matter how much money he spends on his clothes, he never looks well dressed.
· No matter where that escaped prisoner tries to hide, the police will find him sooner or later.
to take up
برداشتن، اشغال كزدن، جذب كردن، ادامه دادن، معاشرت
to begin to do or study, to undertake (S); to occupy space, time, or energy (S)
· After today’s exam, the class will be ready to take up the last chapter in the book.
· The piano takes up too much space in our living room. However, it would take too much time up to move it
right now so we’d better wait until later.
to take up with
مشورت گرفتن، همفكري كردن
to consult someone about an important matter (S)
The important matter follows the verb take, while the person consulted follows with.
· Can I take the problem up with you right now? It’s quite urgent.
· I can’t help you with this matter. You’ll have to take it up with the manager.
to take after
شبيه بودن
to resemble a parent or close relative (for physical appearance only, also: to look like)
· Which of your parents do you take after the most?
· Sam looks like his father, but he takes after his mother in personality
in the long run
سرانجام، عاقبت
eventually, after a long period of time
This idiom is similar in meaning to sooner or later (Lesson 1). The difference is that in the long run refers to a
more extended period of time.
· In the long run, the synthetic weave in this carpet will wear better than the woolen one. You won’t have to
replace it so soon.
· If you work hard at your marriage, you’ll find out that, in the long run, your spouse can be your best friend in
life.
In touch
تماس با كسي داشتن و از وي اطلاع داشتن
having contact
· James will be in touch with us soon to relay the details of the plan.
I certainly enjoyed seeing you again after all these years. Let’s be sure to keep in touch.
out of touch
ناآگاه به شرايط جديد، ارتباط نداشتن
not having contact; not having knowledge of
· Marge and I had been out of touch for years, but then suddenly she called me up the other day.
· Larry has been so busy that he seems out of touch with world events.
on one’s toes
مراقب بودن، حواس جمع بودن
alert, cautious
This idiom is usually used with the verbs stay and keep.
· It’s important for all the players on a soccer team to stay on their toes.
· We’d better keep on our toes while we’re walking along the dark portions of this street
to watch one’s step
مراقب بودن هنگام حركت يا راه رفتن، احتياط موقع حركت يا راه رفتن
be careful about how you behave, or you will get into trouble:
He’ll have to watch his step if he wants to keep that job of his!
to watch what one says/does
مراقب حرف زدن يا رفتار كردن
to see eye to eye; on something with somebody
موافق بودن، با كسي هم عقيده بودن
to agree, to concur
· I’m glad that we see eye to eye on the matter of the conference location.
· A husband and wife don’t always see eye to eye with each other, but a good marriage can survive small
disagreements.
to have in mind
فكر كردن، تفكر كردن
To be considering/to be thinking
to be considering, to be thinking (S)
· I don’t want to see a movie now. I have in mind going to the park.
· It’s up to you what we eat tonight. Do you have anything in mind?
to keep in mind/ to bear in mind
ياد داشتن، فراموش نكردن
to remember, not to forget (S) (also: to bear in mind)
· Please keep in mind that you promised to call Stan around noon.
· I didn’t know that Paula doesn’t like vegetables. We should bear that in mind next time we invite her for
dinner.
for once
يكبار استثنا
this one time, for only one time
· For once I was able to win a game of golf against Steve, who is a much better player than I am.
· Dad, for once would you please let me drive the new car?
to go off
منفجر شدن، صدايي شبيه زنگ هشدار، ترك كردن ناگهاني بدون هيچ توضيحي
to explode, to sound as an alarm; to leave suddenly without explanation
· The accident happened when a box of firecrackers went off accidentally.
· For what time did you set the alarm clock to go off tomorrow morning?
· Vince went off without saying good-bye to anybody, I hope he wasn’t angry.
to grow out of
نتيجه ي..، پيرتر يا بزرگتر شدن از، بزرگتر شدن از
to outgrow, to become too old for, to be a result of
· He still bites his nails now and then, but soon he’ll grow out of the habit.
· The need for the salary committee grew out of worker dissatisfaction with the pay scale.
to make the best of
بهترين عملكرد در بدترين شرايط
to do the best that one can in a poor situation
· If we can’t find a larger apartment soon, we’ll just have to make the best of it right here.
· Even though the Martinez family is having financial problems, they make the best of everything by enjoying
the simple pleasures of life.
to cut off
قطع ارتباط يا توقف ناگهاني
to shorten by cutting the ends (S); to disconnect or stop suddenly (S)
· The rope was two feet longer than we needed, so we cut off the extra length..
· The operator cut our long-distance phone conversation off after two minutes
to cut out/ knock it off
قطع كردن، حذف به وسيله برش
to remove by cutting (S); to stop doing something (S) (for the second definition, also: to knock it
off)
For the second definition, the idiom is usually separated by the pronoun it.
· The child likes to cut out pictures from the newspaper and to paste them in a notebook.
· He kept bothering her, so finally she told him to cut it out. However, he wouldn’t knock it off until her larger
brother appeared.
to blow out
جاي باد در رفتن (پنچر كردن)، خاموش كردن شمع با فوت
to explode, to go flat (for tires); to extinguish by blowing (S)
· On our trip to Colorado, one of the car tires blew out when it hit a large hole in the road.
· Little Joey wasn’t able to blow all the candles out, so his big sister helped him.
to become of
گم كردن چيزي يا كسي
to happen to (a missing object or person)
This idiom is always used in a clause beginning with what.
· What has become of my pencil? I had it ten minutes ago, but now I can’t find it.
· I wondered what became of you. I looked around the shopping center for two hours, but I couldn’t find you at
all.
to shut up
ساكت شدن، خفه شدن، حرف نزدن
to close for a period of time (S); to be quiet, to stop talking
The second definition of this idiom is impolite in formal situations.
· During the hurricane, all the store owners shut their shops up.
· Bob’s sister told him to shut up and not say anything more about it.
· The student got into big trouble for telling his teacher to shut up.
have got
داشتن، دارابودن
to have, to possess
· Curtis has got a bad cold. He’s sneezing and coughing a lot.
· How much money have you got with you right now?
have got to
بايد
must (also: have to)
· She has got to go to Chicago today to sign the contract papers.
· I have to be back home by two o’clock or my wife will feel ill at ease.
to keep up with
هم پا رفتن، با جريان پيش رفتن
to maintain the same speed or rate as
· Frieda works so fast that no one in the office can keep up with her.
· You’ll have to walk more slowly. I can’t keep up with you.
on the other hand
از سوي ديگر، از طرف ديگر
however, in contrast
· Democracies provide people many freedoms and privileges. On the other hand, democracies suffer many
serious problems such as crime and unemployment.
· My sister takes after my father in appearance. On the other hand, I take after my mother
to turn down
رد كردن، نپذيرفتن، كم كردن نور يا صدا
to reduce in brightness or volume (S); to reject, to refuse (S)
· Please turn down the radio for me. It’s too loud while I’m studying.
· Laverne wanted to join the military but the recruiting officer turned her application down because Laverne is
hard of hearing in one ear.
fifty-fifty
به دو قسمت مساوي تقسيم كردن
divided into two equal parts
· Let’s go fifty-fifty on the cost of a new rug for our apartment.
· The political candidate has a fifty-fifty chance of winning the election.
to break in
مرز را شكستن و به زور داخل شدن، در ميان صحبت كسي دويدن، رام كردن
gradually to prepare something for use that is new and stiff (S); to interrupt (for the second
definition, also: to cut in)
· It is best to break a new car in by driving it slowly for the first few hundred miles.
· While Carrie and I were talking Bill broke in to tell me about a telephone call.
· Peter, it’s very impolite to cut in like that while others are speaking
a lost cause
نا اميد، نا ممكن
a hopeless case, a person or situation having no hope of positive change
· It seems that Charles will never listen to our advice. I suppose it’s a lost cause.
· The police searched for the missing girl for two weeks, but finally gave it up as a lost cause.
· Children who have committed several crimes as teenagers and show no sorrow about their actions are
generally lost causes.
above all
مهمتر از هر چيزي، مخصوصا، بالاتر از همه
mainly, especially
· Above all, don’t mention the matter to Gerard; he’s the last person we should tell.
· Sheila does well in all her school subjects, but above all in mathematics. Her math scores are always over
95 percent.
to do without (to go without)
سر كردن بدون داشتن چيزي يا كسي
survive or exist without something (also: to go without)
· With prices so high now, I’ll have to do without a new suit this year.
· As a traveling salesperson, Monica can’t do without a car.
· It’s a shame that so many poor people in the world have to go without basic necessities of life such as
nutritious food and suitable shelter.
according to
مطابق، بقول، به ترتيب
in the order of; on the authority of
· The students on the football team were ranked according to height, from shortest to tallest.
· According to my dictionary, you are using that word in your essay incorrectly.
to be bound to do something
مطمئنا، مطلقا
to be certain to do something, to be sure to do something
This idiom is used when the occurrence of an event seems inevitable or unavoidable.
· We are bound to be late if you don’t hurry up.
· With the economy improving now, their business is bound to make more money this year.
for sure (for certain)
به طور قطع و يقين
without doubt (also: for certain)
· In the dark, I couldn’t tell for sure whether it was Polly or Sarah who drove by.
· I know for certain that Gene will move back to Washington next month.
to take for (S)
(چه چیزی) فرض کردن یه چیزی
to perceive or understand as (S)
This idiom is usually used when someone is mistakenly perceived. A noun or pronoun must separate the idiom.
· Because of his strong, muscular body, I took him for a professional athlete. As it turns out, he doesn’t play
any professional sports.
· What do you take me for – a fool? I don’t believe what you’re saying at all
to try out (S)
امتحان كردن چيزي
to test, to use during a trial period (S)
· You can try out the new car before you decide to buy it.
· I can let you try the computer out for a few days before you make a decision.
to tear down (S)
متلاشي كردن و درهم ريختن
to destroy by making flat, to demolish (S)
· The construction company had to tear down the old hotel in order to build a new office building.
· The owners had to tear the house down after it burned down in a fire
to tear up (S)
پاره كردن، در هم ريختن
: to rip into small pieces (S)
· Deidre tore up the letter angrily and threw all the pieces into the trash can.
· He told the lawyer to tear the old contract up and then to prepare a new one.
to go over (well)
to be appreciated or accepted
This idiom is usually followed by the adverb well. (In Lesson 6 this idiom has the meaning to review, as in the
second sentence of the second example below.)
· The teacher’s organized lessons always go over well with her students.
· The comedian’s jokes weren’t going over well, the audience wasn’t laughing much at all. I think that the
comedian should go over his material more carefully before each act.
to run out of
تمام كردن، كم آوردن
to exhaust the supply of, not to have more of
· We ran out of gas right in the middle of the main street in town.
· It’s dangerous to run out of water if you are in an isolated area.
at heart
پايه اي، اصلي و اساسي (براي خصوصيات فرد)
basically, fundamentally
This idiom is used to describe the true character of a person.
· James sometimes seems quite unfriendly but at heart he’s a good person.
· The Fares often don’t see eye to eye, but at heart they both love each other very much.
on hand (… in case)
موجود، وسايل موجد در انبار، در دست
near to someone or something, and ready to help or be used if necessary:
A 1,200-strong military force will be on hand to monitor the ceasefire.
For those of you who don’t have an atlas to hand, Newcastle is a city in the northeast of England.
to bite off
لقمه بزرگ تر از دهان برداشتن، بيش از توانايي چيزي را قبول كردن
to accept as a responsibility or task
This idiom is often used when one accepts more responsibility than one can handle alone. It is usually used in
the form to bite off more than one can chew.
· When I accepted the position of chairman, I didn’t realize how much I was biting off.
· When James registered for 18 units in his last semester at college, he bit off more than he could chew.
to tell apart (S) / to tell from
فرق قائل شدن
to distinguish between (also: to pick apart, to tell from) (S)
· The two brothers look so much alike that few people can tell them apart.
· That copy machine is so good that I can’t pick the photocopy and the original apart.
· Most new cars are very similar in appearance. It’s almost impossible to tell one from another.
all in all
همه چيز را در نظر گرفتن
considering everything
· There were a few problems, but all in all it was a well-organized seminar.
· Leonard got a low grade in one subject, but all in all he’s a good student.
to pass out / to hand out
پخش كردن، تقسيم شدن/ آگاهي از دست دادن
to distribute (also: to hand out) (S); to lose consciousness
The verbal idiom to hand out can be made into the noun handout to refer to items that are distributed in a
class or meeting.
· Please help me pass out these test papers; there must be a hundred of them.
· Alright, students, here are the class handouts for this week.
· The weather was so hot in the soccer stadium that some of the fans in the stands passed out.
to go around
كافي وًمورد قبول، حركت از جايي به جاي ديگر، چرخيدن
to be sufficient or adequate for everyone present, to circulate, to move from place to place
· We thought that we had bought enough food and drink for the party, but actually there wasn’t enough to go
around.
· There’s a bad strain of influenza going around right now. Have you gotten your flu shots yet?
· Mike has been going around telling people that he was accepted to Harvard University. Do you believe
him?
to be in the/one’s way
To get in the/one’s way
مانع شدن، كمبود نبودن، دليل عدم راحتي
to block or obstruct; not to be helpful, to cause inconvenience (for both, also: to get
in the/one’s way)
· Jocelyn couldn’t drive through the busy intersection because a big truck was in the way.
· Our small child tried to help us paint the house, but actually he just got in our way.
to put on (S)
عمل كردن، ارائه دادن، معرفی کردن، بدست آوردن
to gain (pounds or weight) (S); to present, to perform (S)
· Bob has put on a lot of weight recently. He must have put at least fifteen pounds on.
· The Youth Actor’s Guild put on a wonderful version of Romeo and Juliet at the Globe Theater.
to put up (S)
بلند كردن، بالا بردن، برپا كردن، بنا كردن، ساختن
to construct, to erect (S); to lift, to raise upwards (S)
· The construction company is tearing down that old office building in order to put up a new one.
· Please put your hand up if you have never studied English grammar before.
To put up with
قبول كردن از روي، تحمل كردن
to tolerate to accept unwillingly
· The employee was fired because his boss could not put up with his mistakes any longer.
· While I’m studying, I can’t put up with any noise or other distractions.
in vain
بيهوده، بيخود، عبث، باطل
useless, without the desired result
· All the doctors’ efforts to save the injured woman were in vain. She was declared dead three hours after
being admitted to the hospital.
· We tried in vain to reach you last night. Is your phone out of order?
day in and day out / day after day/ year in and year out/ year after yaer
مستمر، با ثبات/ براي مدت زماني هاي طولاني
continuously, constantly (also: day after day; for longer periods of time, year in and year
out and year after year)
· During the month of April, it rained day in and day out.
· Day after day I waited for a letter from him, but one never came.
· Year in and year out, the weather in San Diego is the best in the nation.
to catch up
رسيدن به، ربودن، تحرك بيشتر براي جبران عقب ماندگي
to work with the purpose of fulfilling a requirement or being equal to others
The idiom is often followed by the preposition with and a noun phrase. It is similar in meaning to to keep up with
from Lesson 17.
· The student was absent from class so long that it took her a long time to catch up.
· If you are not equal to others, first you have to catch up with them before you can keep up with them.
to hold still (S)
ثابت نگاه داشتن و ماندن ، تكون نخور
not to move (S)
· Please hold still while I adjust your tie.
· If you don’t hold that camera still, you’ll get a blurred picture.
to break the news
دريافت اطلاعات جديد اغلب ناراحت كننده
to tell someone about something bad that has just happened and may have an effect on them:
I was devastated when the doctor broke the news to me.
I remember where I was when the news of Kennedy’s assassination broke (= became known).
Breaking the news to my kids was the hardest thing I’ve ever done.
I had to break the news to my mother that my father had died.
Then I had to break the news to the other band members.
I tried to break the news as gently as I could.
to be the matter
اشتباه بودن، نامناسب بودن، نارضايت بخش
to be unsatisfactory, to be improper, to be wrong
In a question, this idiom is used with what or something. In an answer, something or nothing is usually used.
· A: What is the matter, Betty? You look very upset.
· B: Yes, something is the matter. I’ve lost my purse!
· A: Is something the matter, Charles? You don’t look well.
· B: No, nothing is the matter. I’m just a little under the weather.
to bring up (S)
پرورش دادن، رشد دادن، ذکر کردن موضوعی، مطرح کردن يك عنوان
to rear, to raise from childhood (S); to mention, to raise an issue, to introduce a topic (S)
· Parents should bring up their children to be responsible members of society.
· Sarah wanted to bring the scheduling problem up at the club meeting, but finally she decided against doing
so.
· One of the students brought up an interesting point related to the subject in our textbook.
