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Block 5 > Interior Skull > Flashcards

Interior Skull Flashcards

1
Q

What 3 arteries supply blood to the dura?

A

middle meningeal artery (80%), accessory meningeal artery, small meningeal artery

middle meningeal is off maxillary, through foramen spinosum, and has frontal and parietal branches

accessory meningeal artery through foramen ovale

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2
Q

What dural sinuses are within the falx cerebri?

A

The superior sagittal, the inferior sagittal, and the straight

The dural sinus present in the falx cerebelli is the occipital

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3
Q

What type of hemorrhage occurs when blood collects between calvaria and periosteal layer of dura?

A

extradural hemorrhage, typically due to rupture of meningeal artery

happens because of skull fracture, doesn’t cross suture line because the dura is firmly attached to sutures

lens shaped hematoma

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4
Q

What is the posterior cranial fossa supplied by? (innervation)

A

upper cervical nerves and CN 10

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5
Q

What passes through the internal acoustic meatus?

A

CN 7 and 8

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6
Q

What do the greater and lesser wings of the sphenoid bone form? (This is a space)

A

The superior orbital fissure, lots of things pass through here

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7
Q

What are the holes and spaces of the posterior cranial fossa?

A

Foramen magnum, jugular foramen, internal acoustic meatus, hypoglossal canal

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8
Q

What are the dural infoldings?

A

Falx cerebri and tentorium cerebelli

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9
Q

What passes through the jugular foramen?

A

CN 9, CN 10, CN 11
Inferior petrosal sinus
Sigmoid

This is at the base of the petrosal part of the bone

several sinuses converge towards the jugular foramen to form the internal jugular vein

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10
Q

What is the space between cerebral hemispheres?

A

Falx cerebri- this attaches to crista galli, the frontal crest, and the internal occipital protuberance

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11
Q

The dura mater has 2 layers and something else. What are they?

A 
Periosteal layer (most superficial)
Membranous layer (deeper)
Dural sinuses that contain venous blood
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12
Q

The cavernous sinus is located bilaterally, lateral to the sella turcia. What is found within (2) and lateral (4) to the sinus?

A

the internal carotid artery and CN 6 are within while CN 3, 4, V1, and V2 lie in the lateral wall of the sinus

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13
Q

What passes through the foramen magnum?

A

Brain stem/spinal cord, vertebral arteries, CN XI (accessory nerve)

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14
Q

What is the smallest and shallowest cranial fossa? This is where the bulk of the cerebrum sits.

A

Anterior

The most inferior and deepest is the posterior cranial fossa where the cerebellum sits

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15
Q

What type of hemorrhage occurs when blood collects between the meningeal layer of the dura and the arachnoid layer?

A

subdural hemorrhage, typically due to rupture of veins draining into dural venous sinuses

spread of blood is not confined to dural attachment sutures –> cresent shaped

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16
Q

Where does the transverse dural sinus travel? (From and to)

A

From the confluence, to the sigmoid

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17
Q

What separates the cerebellum from the cerebrum?

A

Tentorium cerebelli

It attaches to the falx cerebri, occipital bone, and petrosal part of the temporal

It has a free edge that allows the 2 hemispheres to connect via the corpus collosum

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18
Q

What interconnects the two inferior petrosal and cavernous sinuses with internal vertebral plexus?

A

basilar sinus

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19
Q

What are the bones of the middle cranial fossa?

A

Sphenoid, temporal

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20
Q

What are all the middle cranial fossa foramen?

A

Foramen rotundum, foramen ovale, foramen lacerum, foramen spinosum

Other things in the middle cranial fossa:

Superior orbital fissure has CN 3, 4, V1, 6, and ophthalmic veins

Optic canal for CN 2 and ophthalmic artery also present

Carotid canal has internal carotid artery

ROLS (foramen) SOC (other things)

21
Q

What branch(es) of trigeminal supplies the tentorium cerebelli?

A

V1 and V2

22
Q

The anterior cranial fossa contains the foramen cecum, cribiform foramina, and anterior and posterior ethmoidal foramina. What passes through each of these?

A

Foramen cecum- nasal emissary veins

Cribriform foramina- olfactory nerves

Anterior and posterior ethmoidal foramina- ethmoid artery and vein

23
Q

What lies on the medial floor of the cavernous sinus?

A

the trigeminal ganglion, V3 quickly leaves

24
Q

What are the bones of the posterior cranial fossa?

A

Sphenoid, temporal, occipital

25
Q

Where does the dural sinus sigmoid travel? (From and to)

A

from transverse to the internal jugular

26
Q

How does the cavernous sinus connect with structures outside the cranial cavity?

A

the ophthalmic veins and emissary veins from the pterygoid plexus

27
Q

What passes through foramen spinosum?

A

Middle meningeal artery

28
Q

What is anterior to the foramen magnum? (This is where the pons is sitting)

A. Internal occipital crest
B. Internal occipital protuberance
C. Clivus

A

Clivus

Posterior to the magnum is the blunt but massive crest called the internal occipital crest which divides the posterior cranial fossa into deep depressions called the deep cerebellar fossa

29
Q

What is the subarachnoid space filled with?

A

CSF, multiple villi- good blood supply, and granulations that are formed to allow recirculating CSF for constant flow through the subarachnoid space

30
Q

What type of hemorrhage occurs when blood collects in subarachnoid space mixing with CSF?

A

subarachnoid hemorrhage- acute severe headaches, nausea, and vision disturbances

31
Q

What runs with tentorium cerebelli where it is attached to the superior border of the petrous part of temporal bone?

A

superior petrosal sinus

32
Q

What are small sinuses that receive blood from diploic and meningeal veins and drain into the antieror part of the cavernous sinus?

A

sphenoparietal sinuses

33
Q

What passes through foramen rotundum?

A

Maxillary branch of trigeminal nerve (v2)

34
Q

What is the densest bone in the body?

A

Patrous part of temporal bone

35
Q

What are the inferior dural sinuses?

A

Cavernous, superior petrosal, inferior petrosal, and basilar sinus

36
Q

What passes through superior orbital fissure?

A

Ophthalmic nerve (v1), cranial nerves 3, 4, and 6

These innervate the extraocular muscles

37
Q

What passes through foramen ovale?

A

Mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve (v3)

38
Q

What passes through the optic canal?

A

Optic nerve and ophthalmic artery

You will go blind very quickly if the ophthalmic artery is blocked

39
Q

What branch(es) of trigeminal supplies the anterior cranial fossa and flax cerebri?

A

V1

40
Q

Where is the confluence of the sinuses?

A

The internal occipital protuberance

41
Q

What does the superior petrosal sinus connect?

A

the posterior part of cavernous sinus to transverse sinus where it becomes the sigmoid sinus

42
Q

What passes through the hypoglossal canal?

A

CN 12

43
Q

Where do the dural sinuses drain?

A

Into the confluence

44
Q

What connects posterior part of cavernous sinus to junction of sigmoid sinus and internal jugular vein at jugular foramen?

A

inferior petrosal sinus

45
Q

What branch(es) of trigeminal supplies the middle cranial fossa?

A

V2 and V3

46
Q

What is the most distinct feature of the posterior cranial fossa?

A

The foramen magnum

47
Q

What is the passage of CN 11? It (ascends/descends) to the cranial cavity and enters through the foramen ______, then exits through _________ foramen.

A

Ascends to enter the cranial cavity through the foramen magnum, the exits through the jugular foramen

48
Q

What are the bones that make up the anterior crania fossa?

A

Frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid

Block 5 (12 decks)

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