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Block 5 > CBC and Peripheral Blood Cell Morphology > Flashcards

CBC and Peripheral Blood Cell Morphology Flashcards

1
Q

What tube is used for a CBC? Which cells are counted?

A

EDTA anticoagulated blood (purple tube)

-leukocytes, erythrocytes, and thrombocytes

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2
Q

Hemoglobin gives the total hemoglobin concentration in a ______ not _____.

A

given volume of blood, not per cell

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3
Q

What is the percent of volume of whole blood that RBC comprise?

A

Hematocrit (Hct)

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4
Q

What is the average volume of RBC correlating with average RBC size?

A

MCV- mean corpuscular volume- useful in evaluating anemia

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5
Q

What is the weight of hemoglobin in average RBC? This is calculated from the total hemoglobin concentration and RBC total count.

A

MCH- mean corpuscular hemoglobin

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6
Q

What is the concentration of hemoglobin in average RBC measured in g/dL?

A

MCHC- mean corpuscular (cellular) hemoglobin concentration.

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7
Q

What is the variation in size of RBC?

A

RDW- RBC distribution width

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8
Q

What is the variation in size of platelets? This is an indirect measure of the age of platelets where newer more immature platelets are ____.

A

MPV- mean platelet volume

newer are larger

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9
Q

Leukocyte differential gives you what counts?

A

granulocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils

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10
Q

What does the leukocyte differential analyze?

A

cell size, cytoplasmic granularity, nuclear size, and complexity

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11
Q

What is not calculated in a leukocyte differential? What makes it inaccurate?

A

no bands

inaccurate when abnormal WBC pop. are present

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12
Q

The differential (percentage) gives you the _____ numbers, not the _____.

A

gives relative, not absolute

ABSOLUTE CELL COUNTS ARE WHAT MATTER

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13
Q

increased WBC

A

leukocytosis

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14
Q

increased neutrophils

A

neutrophilia

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15
Q

increased eosinophils

A

eosinophilia

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16
Q

increased basophils

A

basophilia

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17
Q

increased monocytes

A

monocytosis

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18
Q

increased lymphocytes

A

lymphocytosis

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19
Q

increased platelets

A

thrombocytosis (thrombocythemia)

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20
Q

increased RBC

A

polycythemia

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21
Q

decreased WBC

A

leukocytopenia

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22
Q

decreased neutrophils

A

neutropenia

23
Q

decreased lymphocytes

A

lymphocytopenia or lymphopenia

24
Q

decreased monocytes

A

monocytopenia

25
Q

decreased platelets

A

thrombocytopenia

26
Q

decreased RBC

A

anemia

27
Q

smaller than normal RBC

A

microcytic (microcytosis)

28
Q

large than normal RBC

A

macrocytic (macrocytosis)

29
Q

variation in size of RBC (abnormality)

A

anisocytosis

30
Q

variation in shape of RBC (abnormality)

A

poikilocytosis

31
Q

variation in size and shape of RBC (abnormality)

A

anisopoikilocytosis

32
Q

normal amt of hemoglobin with nml staining on peripheral blood smear

A

normocytic

33
Q

decreased hemoglobin with pale staining

A

hypochromic

34
Q

increased immature RBC (reticulocytes), blue-gray cytoplasm due to residual RNA, nml amt of hemoglobin

A

polychromasia

35
Q

Small, pale, zone of central pallor, iron deficiency, anemia of chronic disease, sideroblastic anemia, lead and heavy meatal poisoning, thalassemia

A

microcytic hypochromic cells

36
Q

Larger than nml, well hemoglobinized, young cells and in abnormal maturation states (megaloblastic anemia and myelodysplastic)

A

macrocytic cells

37
Q

Smaller in diameter than nml, SPHERICAL, loss of central pallor, lose membrane during passage through spleen, short lifespan, destroyed in spleen prematurely, ABNORMALITIES OF CYTOSKELETAL PROTEINS

A

spherocytes

38
Q

OVAL/ELLIPTICAL results in anemia; hereditary caused by cytoskeleton abnormalities; acquired forms caused by iron deficiency (more pale), thalassemias, megaloblastic anemia, myelofibrosis, myelodysplastic syndrome

A

elliptocytosis/ovalocytosis

39
Q

Large, FLOPPY cells with redundant cytoplasmic membrane compared to vol. of cell, thinner, BELL-SHAPED

  • macrocytic- liver disease, megaloblastic anemia
  • microcytic- thalassemia, iron deficiency
  • normocytic- sickling disorders, hgb E
A

target cells

40
Q

AMEBOID cells with unevenly distributed spicules over RBC surface

  • inherited- abetalipoproteinemia
  • acquired- liver disease, myelodysplastic syndrome, malnutrition
A

acanthocytes

41
Q

EVENLY distributed spicules

-storage artifact, liver disease or renal failure, enzyme deficiencies

A

echinocytes

42
Q

“mouth cells”, central zone of pallor is NARROW, occasionally seen in healthy patients, commonly associated with alcohol excess and alcoholic liver disease

A

stomatocytes

43
Q

RBC FRAGMENTS formed as a result of mechanical disruption of RBC in microvasculature by fibrin strands (DIC), platelet strands, toxins, burns, vasculitis, or mechanical heart valves

A

schistocytes

44
Q

Caused by homozygosity for hemoglobin S variant of beta chain of hemoglobin OR heterozygosity for hemoglobin S in combination with other hemoglobin variants or thalassemias

A

sickle cells

45
Q

Caused by homozygosity for hemoglobin C variant of beta chain of hemoglobin OR heterozygosity for hemoglobin C and another variant of thalassemia
-irregularly contracted cells, target cells, hemoglobin C crystals, spherocytes

A

Hemoglobin C disease

46
Q

Formed after Heinz bodies (denatured hemoglobin and membrane protein, adherent to membrane) are “plucked” out of the RBCs by reticuloendothelial cells of the spleen
-Typical for G6PD deficiency (on the X chromosome)

A

Bite cell (degmacyte)

47
Q

Heinz bodies are only seen on ______ stains such as _____. They are not seen on _____ stained peripheral blood smears.

A

supravital stains such as new methylene blue, not seen on wright-stained peripheral blood smears

48
Q

Result of marrow fibrosis

A

tear drop cells (dacrocytes)

49
Q

Indicates reticulocytosis (true reticulocytes are only seen by methylene blue stain)

  • blue-gray color because of residual ribosomal material within the cytoplasm
  • any condition with premature release of immature cells from the marrow
A

polychromasia

50
Q

Small nuclear remnants, typically single, post-splenectomy states, hemolytic anemias, megaloblastic anemia, nml for neonates

A

Howell-Jolly bodies

51
Q

IRON-CONTAINING MITOCHONDRIAL REMNANTS, seen in sideroblastic anemias, post-splenectomy states, lead poisoning, and reticulocytes
-occur in small clusters near periphery of cell

A

Pappenheimer granules

52
Q

Composed of RNA, AGGREGATES OF RIBOSOMES, in thalassemia, megaloblastic anemia, liver disease, lead poisoning, hemolytic anemia, dyserythropoietic states

A

Basophilic stippling

53
Q

nuclear remnant vs. microtubules, post-splenectomy states, hemolytic anemias, megaloblastic anemia

A

Cabot ring

Block 5 (12 decks)

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