intergroup behaviour Flashcards
How does hogg and vaughan (2018) define intergroup behaviour
behaviour among individuals that is regulated by those individuals awareness of and identification with different social groups.
what is authoritarian personality and how can personality be used to explain inter group behaviour?
Adorno, Frenkel-Brusnkwick, Levinson and Sandford (1950) : Freudian perspective on personality, overly disciplinarian parenting = child develops an unconscious hostility towards weaker groups and over-deference to social authority.
How is authoritarian personality measured?
Adorno et al (1950) : F scale
What are the criticism of authoritarian personality?
- focuses on the individual and ignores societal influences
- pettigrew (1958) : personality did not differ between north and south USA despite higher prejudice in south
- different personalities cannot explain ethnocentrism and the wide-spread societal uniformity in prejudice.
- cannot explain sudden emergence of prejudice at certain points in history.
How can inter group behaviour be explain in terms of goal related interest?
incompatible goals : groups compete for same goal
Concordant goals: only when groups work together can goal be achieved
Realistic conflict theory.
Explain realistic conflict theory
Sherif (1966): ethnocentrism originates in real conflicts of interest between groups. Competing groups = hostility and prejudice
Explain the robbers cave study
Sherif (1966) : Ps attend a summer camp, Ps divided into two groups, studies has three stages. inter- group relations arose from competing or coinciding goal interest
what are the criticism of sherif robber cave study
McLeod (2023) : biased sample, ethical issues
Perry (2014) : inadvertent research influence
turner (1981): difficult to isolate variables responsible for realistic conflict.
Minimal group experiments
Tajfel, Billig, Bundy and Flament (1971) : being categorised into a group is sufficient in and of itself for discrimination.
Assignment to groups based on thin and arbitrary basis
Group members never interacted
Group members were anonymous
Groups were transitory and had no past history or future
what is the social identity theory
Tajfel and turner (1986) : group memberships has self- esteem implications. tend to evaluate in groups positively to maintain a positive identity.
How does social identity theory account for the minimum group paradigm?
Groups are arbitrary and meaningless, but Ps are members of one or other group. Only way to boost esteem
of in-group (and hence self-image) is to allocate in-group more money/points.
Social identity theory explanation for conflict between high and low status groups
Conflict occurs when groups perceive current status quo can be changed
If status quo cannot be changed, low status group members: a) move into the high status group; or b) find
aspects of (low status) in-group that compare favourably with other groups
how do people divide up their social world into groups?
process of self- categorisation
Turner ( 1985) : cognition of categorisation, basis unit is the prototype.
what is a prototype
‘fuzzy’ representation of the ideal object or group
represents a given group and helps differentiate from other groups. Assimilation and contrast.
depersonalisation
categorisation of people into groups de-emphasises individual differences between groups.
