Intergenerational poverty and rights-based approach Flashcards
what is the difference between micro private and macro public transmission of intergenerational poverty?
micro private transmission: pov induced by social economic deprived background of parents
macro public transmission: too little resources from 1 gen to another (edu, health, housing)
what is the difference between situational and intergenerational poverty?
situational: temporary life events
intergenerational: deep systematic causes compounds
what are the micro causes of intergenerational poverty?
individual and household level
- household: access to resources (food, health, edu, parenting…)
- household composition (nuclear families -> higher income per capita)
what are the meso causes of intergenerational poverty?
(so like social/society’s treatment?)
informal sector, discrimination in labour market
caste, class, ethnicity
- discrimination, exclusion (e.g. in labour market)
- religion: position of women, education…
- psycho-social issues
- armed conflict, criminality
what are the macro causes of intergenerational poverty?
culture, ethnicity, international factors
Collier (the bottom billion)
- large-scale war and armed conflicts
- national resource trap + bad governance
- landlocked with bad neighbours
- demographic (e.g. ageing population, child mortality)
what are the different theories on ageing?
Huenchuan and Rodriguez-Pinero
- functional theory on ageing
- political economic of ageing
- structural dependency theory
what is the functional theory on ageing?
loss of functionality and detachment from society
what are the political economics of ageing?
individual’s position in informal market at time of retirement influences quality of life
what is the structural dependency theory?
organization of the production sector = dependency so ageing -> exclusion
What is the Silent Revolution?
in Latin America and the Carribean
9% of population is older people
is there a legal codification for older peoples’ rights?
- no legally binding instrument
- no coherent set of principles
what is the advantage of taking a human-rights approach for older people?
puts the framework into international law (because it is a group with specific rights then)
According to Evans and Palacios, are old older people or young older people poorer ?
old older people = poorer (vs. young older people)
According to Evans and Palacios, who is the largest share of poor households?
adult + child households
According to Evans and Palacios, who is the smallest share of poor households?
older + adult and older households
According to Evans and Palacios, are households with older people poorer than those w/o?
households with and w/o older people = equally poor
According to Evans and Palacios, is the poverty of older people consistent across countries?
poverty of older people varies widely across countries
How can intergenerational poverty be reduced?
social protection -> welfare
- welfare triangle (state, market, community)
- Neuberg welfare pentagon (family, social networks, membership institutions, markets, public authority)
what is social protection?
policies and programs to help all reach or maintain an adequate standard of living and good health
why is social protection difficult to organise?
the informal sector; hard to reach
what are the 3 pillars of a robust pension system?
- state funded (paid by taxes)
- employer funded (by formal employment contract)
- privately funded (personal + household possessions)
How can privately funded pension be increased?
- income generating projects and social inclusion (self-help groups, older persons groups…)
- financial inclusion micro-finance (long-term savings, edu, NGO, UN, tech innovation…)
what are the advantages of putting human rights into a development framework? (hr approach to dev)
- ensures dev policy takes into account special circumstances of special groups (vulnerable, underprivileged, excluded)
- move beyond conceptual and normative framework of standardised concepts that view certain attributes as determinants of identity, legal status..
- taking into account specificities of women, indigenous, disabilities, older persons
what is the human rights approach to development?
- welfare based (vs. needs based)
- vs. passive receivers of top-down handouts
what is the Social Forum and Independent Expert on Enjoyment of All Human Rights by Older Persons (UNHRC)
- dialogue beween UN, civil society, intergov orgs
- age discrimination
- participation in decisions
- prevention of torture and violence
- autonomy
- quality and accessibility to long-term care
