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Sociology U3 WJEC > Interactionist Perspective > Flashcards

Interactionist Perspective Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Interactionist Views on crime

A

No action is criminal / deviant: Society’s reaction determines whether an action is negative or not

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2
Q

INT. Social factors that affect the determination of whether an act is criminal / deviant

A

Place: Wearing a swimsuit in Asda = deviant
Social Situation: Killing people = acceptable in war
Culture: Alcohol abuse = tolerated in western culture / illegal in Saudi Arabia
History: Bear baiting & Cock fights = once popular; now deviant
Who Commits The Act: Violence may be accepted if committed by men but not women

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3
Q

Becker Theories

A

Deviance = relative to prevailing norms & values
LABELLING
MASTER STATUS
DEVIANT CAREER

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4
Q

Labelling - Becker

A
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5
Q

Master Status

A

Becker
People may commit acts that define them as being deviant or criminal = from this, they gain a socially stigmatised label
- Label becomes a defining characteristic for the person (their master status)

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6
Q

Master Status Process

A
  • A person is labelled as deviant
  • The person is rejected
  • Further deviance takes place
  • Official treatment of deviants mean they cannot return to normal social life
  • People accept a deviant identity & mis with others of the same status
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7
Q

Master Status Example

A

Rosenhan - ‘Sane in insane places’
- Normal behaviours such as chatting or reading were interpreted by mental health hospital workers as evidence of madness due to them being labelled as mad
- ‘normal’ people left with schizophrenic diagnoses

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8
Q

Deviant Career

A

Becker
The process by which people become confirmed in a deviant career & accept a negative / stigmatised social status
- Supports the idea that criminals cannot return to their normal life due to the social response from others

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9
Q

Deviant Career - Box’s 4 Reasons

A

4 Reasons why previous criminals choose to remain offenders:
Atrophy: Criminals no longer know how to be ‘normal’ - are not a part of society
Social Discrimination: Criminals are socially rejected
Job Rejection: Criminals cannot find work
Police Surveillance: Criminals may be harassed when crimes are committed nearby

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10
Q

Lemert Theory

A

Primary / Secondary Deviance:
Primary: The act itself
- E.g. taking drugs
Secondary: The social reaction to a deviant act
(The labelling of a person)
- E.g. druggie / drug addict

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11
Q

Cicourel Study

A

Police use typifications of the ‘typical delinquent’
Individuals fitting the typification are more likely to be stopped, arrested and charged:
- Poor school performance
- Low-income backgrounds
- Ethnic minority members
M/c delinquents who were arrested tended to be counselled, cautioned and released by police officers

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12
Q

Cicourel Study Support

A

Reiner:
Ethnic minorities or w/c youth living in specific areas are targeted more by the police

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13
Q

Negotiation

A

Cicourel
The negotiation of the CJS
People can use their social status to challenge the labelling process the police exercise when arresting delinquents

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14
Q

Cicourel Negotiation Support

A

Chambliss:
m/c ‘saints’ & w/c ‘roughnecks’
m/c had no legal reprimands despite engaging in more deviant acts than the w/c
- m/c more deviant but had the means to divert their deviance to other areas (had cars)
- w/c no means of transport: deviant in their areas

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15
Q

Goffman Theory

A

Unintentional Deviance
How a person is labelled affects how others react to them
The non-stigmatised will treat those with a social stigma as inferior or ‘other’
- Non-stigmatised distance themselves from the stigmatised (viewing them as ‘not like me’
- Can often be hostile (resulting in hate crimes)
- Socially stigmatised must develop strategies to cope with negative reactions from non-stigmatised
E.g. mentally ill warn people in advance through jokes to avoid embarrassing those who are ‘normal’

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16
Q

Wilkins Theory

A

Deviancy Amplification Spiral
A social process larger than individual actions
The role of the media in creating crime

17
Q

Deviancy Amplification Spiral Process

A
  1. Primary Deviance
  2. Increased Social Reaction
  3. Isolation & Alienation
  4. Secondary Deviance
  5. Social Reaction
  6. Increased Deviance
18
Q

Primary Deviance - Deviancy Amplification Spiral

A

People become identified by the media after committing an act considered deviant

19
Q

Increased Social Reaction - Deviancy Amplification Spiral

A

People in authority become moral entrepreneurs and condemn the deviants (often overreact)

20
Q

Isolation & Alienation - Deviancy Amplification Spiral

A

Deviants are isolated by society due to the labelling process from the media
E.g. becoming a folk devil (Cohen)

21
Q

Secondary Deviance - Deviancy Amplification Spiral

A

Those who are labelled see themselves as a part of a deviant subculture with different norms and values from others

22
Q

Social Reaction - Deviancy Amplification Spiral

A

There is a moral panic and clampdown on behaviours seen as a part of the deviant subculture

23
Q

Increased Deviance - Deviancy Amplification Spiral

A

The previous outcomes leads to the development of deviant careers

24
Q

Mead Theory

A

Argues that ‘the self’ is a social construct
- Changes depending on where we are (who is there / social situation / how others react)

25
Q

Mead Theory Support

A

Cooley: The Looking Glass Self
Identity is based on who they’re with
- I don’t see myself as I am, I see myself as others see me
E.g. Mum sees x as an angel; ex-gf sees x as manipulative

26
Q

Stan Cohen Theory

A

Folk Devils: illustrate the labelling process
- Deviant groups are demonised and seen as a threat to the modern welfare of society
Deviancy Amplification: describes how agencies (police & media) can take the lead from moral entrepreneurs and through their reaction can generate an increase in deviance

27
Q

Interactionist :)

A

Jane Elliott: Self-limiting stereotype
Blue eyes / Brown eyes classroom task: (racism was very prevalent)
Day 1: Brown-eyed students ridiculed blue-eyed
Day 2: Blue-eyes students rejected the brown-eyed
The children who were deemed inferior performed worse in class and isolated themselves during recess
SELF-LIMITING STEREOTYPE:
Becomes a part of who we are - we conform to stereotypes: cannot be unlearnt
E.g. w/c commit crime expectation (so w/c commit crime)

28
Q

Interactionist :(

A

L/R: Ignores the true victims of crime

29
Q

Neo-Marxist Establishment & Development

A

Attempted to establish a full social theory on deviance
- Macro view on deviance
Marxism = too simplistic
Interactionism = didn’t take the wider consequences of a criminal act into account
Marxism = looks @ the structure of society
Interactionism = looks @ reaction from society
Taylor, Walton & Young: Attempted to blend Marxism & labelling by combining structure & process in an attempt to better understand crime

Sociology U3 WJEC (11 decks)

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