Interactionist Approach Flashcards
what is diathesis
genetic vulnerability
what support does Tienari have for diathesis
twin studies, Mz twins have a higher concordance rate than Dz twins as they share a higher percentage (100% compared to 50%) of genes
what is a problem with Tienari’s support
50% of identical twins if one twin has Sz, the other twin doesn’t, so environment must play a role
what does the interactionist approach suggest
Sz is a result of the interaction of the environment and biological influences
2 examples of stressors
childhood trauma, high-urbanised area
Varese et al: children who experience _ before _ years old are _ times more likely to develop Sz later in life than the general population
severe trauma, 16, 3
Vassos et al: people who live in _ areas are _ times more likely to develop Sz due to _
highly urbanised, 2.37, more populated and more difficult living conditions
what is meant by additive nature
stressors add up, people who are highly vulnerable may be triggered by minor stress, people with low vulnerability will be triggered by major stress
give the interactionist equation
diathesis + stress = schizophrenia
Evaluation- diathesis may not be exclusively genetic: diathesis emphasises genetic influences but increased risk may result from - caused by _ factors e.g. _. who? suggested if individuals experience prolonged _ causing oxygen deprivation at birth (obstetric complications) they will be _ times greater at risk of Sz development
brain damage, environmental, birth complications, Verdoux et al, labour, 4.
Evaluation- urban environments may not be more stressful: who? found no urban to rural differences in mental health among _ in _. other studies found differences _ after adjusting to socioeconomic differences. although social _ may trigger Sz, claims that social _ and urbanisation are synonymous may be an over-simplification
Romans-Clarkson et al, women, New Zealand, disappear, adversity, adversity
Evaluation- difficulties in determining causal stress: _ life stressors can influence how people respond to _ stress and _ their future risk of Sz. who? argues that maladaptive methods with coping with stress in _ and through development means pp’s fail to develop - skills. this compromises their _ and increases _. ineffective _ skills makes life more _ thus developing Sz
early, later, increase, Hamman, childhood, effective coping, resilience, vulnerability, coping, stressful
Evaluation- implications for treatment: although Sz onset is said to be due to genetic vulnerability and environmental stress, other facts known to _ with genetic vulnerabilities can be addressed. who? found --_ given during _ may prevent Sz in the _ of women known to have this gene defect.
interact, Borglum et al, anti-viral medicine, pregnancy, off-spring
Evaluation- limitations of Tienari: when psychs assessed stress in _ families on the OPAS score, they assessed family functioning at only one _. this fails to reflect _ changes over time. also observing _ interactions between the family and adoptee makes it impossible to determine how much _ is assigned to the family and how much is _
adoptive, time, developmental, reciprocal, stress, caused by the adoptee
