Interactionalism Flashcards
What theory is linked to Becker 1966
labelling theory
what is Becker the founder of
self-fulfilling prophecy
what does labelling theory explore
how labels society gives to people shapes their identity.
what two types of deviance are linked to labelling theory
primary and secondary
what is primary deviance
the initial act of rule breaking
what is secondary deviance
occurs when someone adopts the label that they’ve been given.
how does labelling theory link to self fulfilling prophecy?
if someone is labelled a certain way, they may start to adopt the label given to them
what does being given a label effrct
identity and self-concept
what are the five key components of labelling theory
1) social construction of deviance
2) the role of power
3)self fulfilling prophecy
4) consequence’s of labelling
explain social construction of deviance - labelling theory
1) definition of deviance varies across cultures and contexts. 2)Actions seen as deviant in one society may be acceptable in another
explain the role of power - labelling theory
those in power influence definition of deviance
explain consequences of labelling - labelling theory
1) deviant labels can lead to social exclusion
2) impacts opportunities
3) cycle of marginalisation
what does Lembert 1951 argue about primary deviance
1)primary deviance doesn’t result in a change of self-concept
2) individual’s may engage in such behaviour within considering themselves ad deviant
what does Lembert 1951 argue about secondary deviance
1) individual starts to see themselves as deviant
2) once labelled, individual’s may start to face stigma and exclusion
3) this can lead them to engage in further deviant behaviour
4) therefore their identity is re enforced as deviant.
What are the five key points of Malinowsk’s 1966 study on public shaming
1) social control and norms
2) role of rituals in reinforcing social order
3) the function of shame in social cohesion
4)public shaming as a mechanism for restoring balance
5) individual vs collective
Matza 1964 - delinquency and drift
1)young people don’t completely reject societal norms, instead they drift between conventional and deviant young behaviours.
2) young people use ‘techniques of neutralisation’ to rationalise their behaviour
what are the 4 techniques of neutralisation people use
1) denial of responsibility
2) denial of injury
3) denial of victim ( deserved it)
4) condemnation of condemners
Young 1971 - social control
social control agencies effort to address and combat deviance ends up in them amplifying the behaviour they are trying to suppress.
Young and labelling theory
1) the label of criminal pushes individual into sub-cultures where they find acceptance.
2) negative social reactions encourages more visible and deviant behaviour.
3) this creates a feedback loop where efforts to control deviant behaviour amplifies it.
