Gender Flashcards
Young 1988 - gender
‘The meaning behind the punch’
Not all crimes have the same meaning
Walklate 2006 - gender
1) many women unable to leave abusive relationships and therefore less likely to report abuse.
2) reasons why : lack of economic independence, children involved, no family
What statistics supports Walklate 2006 theory regarding abusive relationships
Over half of female homicide victims were killed by their partners
What is chivalry thesis
Women are treated more leniently than men by the criminal justice system.
What was Pollacks study called?
The criminality of women
What year was Pollacks study ‘ the criminality of women’?
1950
Three key points of the criminality of women - Pollack 1950
1) women manipulate men into committing crimes for them
2) biological factors leads to instability of emotions which influences criminal behaviour.
3) underestimate female criminality as they are see as being less capable to commit crimes
What was Speed and Burrows study called?
shoplifting offences study
What year was shoplifting speed and offences study? - Speed and Burrows
2006
What were the findings of Speed and Burrows shoplifting offences study 2006?
1) 30% male shoplifters imprisoned
2) 15% female shoplifters imprisoned
What was Klein’s study called?
The ethology of female crime
What year was the ethology of female crime?
1973
What is the main point of the ethology of crime 1973?
Many theorists attribute female criminality to biological and phycological factors rather than considering social or economic influences.
What are the two key points of Heidensohn 1986 theory
1) women are controlled by three main spheres: work, home public
2) patriarchal society exerts control over women leading to lower levels of female criminality.
What was Carlen study called?
Women imprisonment: a study of social control
What year was Carlen’s Women imprisonment: a study of social control
1993
What two ‘deals’ does Carlen’s discuss in Women imprisonment: a study of social control
1) class deal
2) gender deal
What is class deal? - Carlen
rewards women receive in exchange for labour
What is gender deal? - Carlen
conformity to traditional gender roles within the family.
what does Carlen state happens when gender and class roles break down?
women turn to crime
Why may gender and lass roles break down?
poverty
lack of opportunities
What is a summary of evil women theory?
1) women who commit crimes judged harsher than men because they are violating legal and gender norms.
2) harsher sentences given particularly if crimes are se4en as unfeminine or violent
Evil women theory and double deviance
1) both committed crimes and violated stereotypical role of being a caring and nurturing figure
2) intensifies public outrage = harsher punishments
