Global Organised crime Flashcards
What features must a organised crime have
1) Structured group
2) 3+ people
3) Exists for a period of time
4)Criminal and financial benefit
What are two difficulties in measuring global organised crime
1) corrupt officials
2) border issues
Castelles 2000
1) organised crime groups resemble business networks as they link up with criminals in other countries.
2) base production in low-risk areas with lack of regulation ( links to exploiting workers)
Robertson 2000
Glocalisation - intertwining of local and global networks.
What are the social causes of terrorism (3)
1) social fragmentation
2) Role of media ( amplifies fear)
3) Impact on social congestion ( target civilians to disrupt social order and sow fear)
Pete Gastrow - drug cartels
Stereotypical godfather mafia boss is an out-of-date image, it is now much more complex and bigger. International approach
How does a drug cartel work (6)
1) recruitment
2) power and hierarchy ( violence)
3) Informal codes of conduct ( unwritten rules)n
4) corrupt and state penetration ( forge alliances with corrupt officials.
5) social disorganisation
6) adapt strategies
Structural functionalist perspective on drug cartels
1) response to social and economic disfunctions
2) provide economic benefits and social mobility to individual’s in marginalised communities.
Conflict theory ( Marxist approach) to drug cartels
1) drug cartels exploit social inequalities
2) thrive in environments where state is weak
3) capitalise lack of legitimate opportunities for lower classes
Rational choice theory on drug cartels
1) individuals make decisions based on rational calculations of costs and benefits.
2) individuals believe benefits outweigh negatives
Positives of being involved in a drug cartel for an individual
1) financial gain
2) social status
Negatives of being involved in a drug cartel for an individual
1) arrested/ convicted
2) violence
Causes of human trafficking (4)
1) social marginalisation
2) gender inequality
3) globalisation
4) push-pull factors ( factors which make people vulnerable therefore more attractive to traffickers)
What is green crime
Crimes that harms the environment and violates the laws aimed at protecting it
Top illegal businesses in the world according to interpool
1) drug trafficking
2) arms trafficking
3) wild animal trafficking
What is animal trafficking a threat to
Biodiversity
Rob White - green crime
1) law is inadequate for dealing with green crime
2) defines green crime as ‘any crime which harms the physical environment or any of the creatures that live within it, even if no laws have been broken.
What do capitalist corporations argue about green crime
1) humans have the right to exploit the natural environment and any species that live within it for the benefit of humankind.
2) environmental damage is inevitable and unavoidable
What does White say about capitalist views on green crime
This irresponsible capitalist ideology is responsible for a great deal of environmental harm.
What do Marxists argue about green crime
The damage done by green crime exceeds those of street crime
Carrabine et al 2004 - green crime
classified green crime into 2 types : primary and secondary ( definitions on different card)
What is primary green crime
crimes which directly impact the environment
Three examples of primary green crimes
1) pollution
2) deforestation
3) wild life trafficking
What is secondary green crime
the knock on effect of primary green crimes
Give two examples of secondary green crime
1) state crimes (i.e. corporate negligence)
2) lack of enforcement of environmental laws
