Intelligence theories, concepts, and strategies

Question 1

Which task requires more fluid intelligence than crystallized intelligence?
Taking a spelling test

Solving a new type of puzzle

Using an index to find something in a book

Finding Montana on a map

Answer 1

Solving a new type of puzzle;

Fluid intelligence involves abstract reasoning and allows individuals to adapt to new situations.

Question 2

What is Spearman’s concept of the g factor?

Answer 2

A general intelligence factor is the basis of all cognitive processes and performance.

Question 3

Charlotte has earned 100 percent on each algebra test she has taken this quarter. What type of intelligence?

Answer 3

Analytical

Question 4

Mateo was using a recipe that called for buttermilk. When he found no buttermilk in the refrigerator, he added a little lemon juice to regular milk and his recipe turned out fine. What type of intelligence?

Answer 4

Creative

Question 5

When her computer froze, Eva knew to hit Ctrl-Alt-Del to reboot the hard drive. What type of intelligence?

Answer 5

Practical

Question 6

A teacher assigns six students to write and perform a short play dramatizing the Constitutional Convention of 1787.

Which three types of Gardner’s intelligences is the teacher incorporating into this lesson?

Answer 6

Linguistic, bodily-kinesthetic, and interpersonal

The students will work together (interpersonal) to write a script (linguistic) and then act out the play for the class (bodily-kinesthetic).

Question 7

Classical conditioning involves a neutral stimulus becoming a conditioned response because of______

Answer 7

Continuos pairings

Question 8

What are the two main types of consequences in operant conditioning?

Answer 8

Reinforcement and punishment

Question 9

A teacher who had previously allowed students to “shout out” answers in class without raising their hands begins to completely ignore students who speak without raising hands. Within a few days, students no longer “shout out” answers. What type of conditioning is being used?

Answer 9

Operant conditioning

This is the practice of extinction, which is a operant conditioning concept. Extinction is the practice of refusing to reward unwanted behavior until the behavior stops.

Question 10

A teacher asks a question about the number of U.S. senators and a student responds with the answer, “Eighty.” The teacher says, “That’s so close but not quite correct. If there are 50 states and two senators from each state, how many senators are there?” The student then replies, “One hundred.”. What type of conditioning is being used?

Answer 10

Operant conditioning

This is an example of shaping, which does not fit into the classical conditioning model. Shaping is the process of reinforcing closer and closer approximations of a desired behavior.

Question 11

A teacher tells the class that every student who scores above 90 percent on the test will receive a candy bar. Students studied extra hard in hopes of earning candy. What type of conditioning is being used?

Answer 11

Operant conditioning

Exhibiting a certain behavior to earn a reward is an example of operant conditioning. In this example, the candy bar served as a positive reinforcement for students to increase study time.

Question 12

An eighth-grade student was coming down with the flu on the morning he had to give a speech in his English class. He became violently ill during the speech. Years later, in college, he still suffered from feelings of nausea just before he engaged in any type of public speaking. What type of conditioning is being used?

Answer 12

Classical conditioning

The connection of a feeling of nausea and public speaking is an example of classical conditioning. Operant conditioning is a learned association between a behavior and a consequence. This example is better explained through classical conditioning, because it involves a physical reflex (vomiting). Operant conditioning is typically not associated with reflexes.

Question 13

Would content area be improved through direct instruction?

Improving reading instruction

Answer 13

Would benefit from direct instruction

Direct instruction is based on behavioral theory that often relies on “drill and practice” to ensure that learning takes place. Behavioral learning techniques have been proven to be most effective when the focus is on memorization and there is one right answer.

Question 14

Would content area be improved through direct instruction?

Improving reading comprehension

Answer 14

Would benefit from direct instruction

Question 15

Would content area be improved through direct instruction?

Improving vocabulary

Answer 15

Would benefit from direct instruction

Question 16

Would content area be improved through direct instruction?

Improving social skills

Answer 16

Would not benefit form direct instruction

Question 17

True or False

The length of sensory memory is the same regardless of the modality of the information coming into the central nervous system.

Answer 17

False; For example, visual information lasts only about a half second, while auditory information lasts up to three or four seconds.

Question 18

Talia took a geography test on state capitals today and got 48 out of 50 correct. She could not remember the capitals of Alaska and Maine. What type of memory is she using?

Answer 18

Explicit

Question 19

When Daniel writes in his journal, he does not think about how to form the different letters with his pencil as he records his ideas. He just writes without “remembering” how to do so. What type of memory is he using?

Answer 19

Implicit

Question 20

Diego needed some paint and brushes from the art supplies locker. His teacher gave him the combination to the locker. Diego remembered the combination just long enough to retrieve what he needed. Within a couple of minutes, he had forgotten it. What type of memory is he using?

Answer 20

Working

Question 21

What can a teacher do to increase students’ self-efficacy or belief in their own abilities?

Answer 21

Compare students’ current improved performance with their previous performance.

Question 22

What does metacognition encourage students to do?

Answer 22

To reflect on what they have learned

Question 23

True or False

Maslow and other humanistic psychologists believe that students are self-motivated to improve because they want to reach self-actualization.

Answer 23

True

Question 24

A teacher always has peanut butter crackers in their desk for hungry students.
would this help satisfy a basic need according to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?

Answer 24

Yes, this would meet a basic need

Question 25

A teacher makes it a point to “check in” with all students to make sure they have a safe place to go after school.

would this help satisfy a basic need according to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?

Answer 25

Yes, this would meet a basic need

Question 26

A teacher calls parents when students are not completing homework.

would help satisfy a basic need according to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?

Answer 26

No, this would not meet a basic need

Question 27

A teacher allows for extra credit points for students who are receiving a failing grade in class.

would help satisfy a basic need according to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?

Answer 27

No, this would not meet a basic need

Question 28

would this help satisfy self-actualization needs according to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?

A teacher has students write a personal reflective paper about their personal journey to eliminate prejudice from their lives.

Answer 28

Yes

Question 29

would this help satisfy self-actualization needs according to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?

An art teacher challenges students to use a new type of creative medium. The requirement would give additional credit if the students use a medium that is new to them.

Answer 29

Yes

Question 30

would this help satisfy self-actualization needs according to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?

A teacher gives students her cell phone number in case they find themselves in an unsafe environment and need assistance.

Answer 30

No

Question 31

would this help satisfy self-actualization needs according to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?

A teacher offers to drive a student to a doctor’s appointment because the student’s parents do not have dependable transportation.

Answer 31

No

Question 32

What is the correct order for the basic model of motivation?

Answer 32

Needs > behavior action > goals and achievement

Question 33

What is an intrinsic motivation?

Answer 33

A second-grade student reads as many books about dinosaurs as she can find because she wants to learn all about dinosaurs

Curiosity is an intrinsic (internal) motivation.

Question 34

Which teacher behavior promotes growth mindset?

Punishing students who score low on an assignment

Creating a supportive environment that coaches students to succeed

Creating an environment where mistakes are met with open criticism and public embarrassment

Rewarding students for getting good grades

Answer 34

Creating a supportive environment that coaches students to succeed

Question 35

True or False

Cooperative and collaborative learning experiences generally result in increased student achievement.

Answer 35

True

Question 36

Which cooperative/collaborative learning role is the student learning?

This student writes down the group’s ideas as group members come up with them.

Answer 36

Scribe

Question 37

Which cooperative/collaborative learning role is the student learning?

This student presents the group’s findings to the teacher and class.

Answer 37

Speaker

Question 38

Which cooperative/collaborative learning role is the student learning?

This student asks the teacher for clarification of the assignment as needed.

Answer 38

Inquirer

Question 39

Which learning model is being used /cooperative or collaborative?

Learners of different ability levels work together.

Answer 39

cooperative

Question 40

Which learning model is being used /cooperative or collaborative?

Learning focuses on exploring a question.

Answer 40

Collaborative

Question 41

Which learning model is being used /cooperative or collaborative?

Learning activities are typically led by a teacher.

Answer 41

Cooperative

Question 42

Which learning model is being used /cooperative or collaborative?

Learning activities focus on the process of learning more than the final product.

Answer 42

Collaborative

Question 43

True or False

Within a classroom, students begin with teacher-led instruction, then move to collaborative activities and stations before moving yet again to computer stations and online learning.

This classroom is set up in the flex model.

Answer 43

False; The classroom is set up in the station rotation model. In the flex model, students do not rotate within a given classroom—they rotate out to a learning lab to do their online learning.

Question 44

Which instructional practice reflects a belief in the theory of constructivist teaching?

Answer 44

A math teacher shows students one way of solving an algebraic equation. Then the teacher challenges students to think of two additional ways to solve the same equation.

Question 45

What is a key advantage of project-based learning (PBL)?

Answer 45

PBL allows students to test their critical thinking and tackle difficult problems

Question 46

Which statement about inquiry-based learning is correct?

The inquiry approach is a closed system where information is filtered through layers to students.

Lesson plans are used to organize the various steps in the learning process for the whole-class approach.

The emphasis is mainly on “what we know,” not on “how we come to know.”

The inquiry approach focuses on using and learning content to develop information-processing and problem-solving skills.

Answer 46

The inquiry approach focuses on using and learning content to develop information-processing and problem-solving skills.