Intelligence Flashcards
Who proposed that intelligence is not given by the senses, but acquired through them
1/ Aristotle
2/ Socrates
3/ Plato
4/ Binet
3/ Plato
Who proposed that Intellect takes the form of the psyche, it is biological and separates humans from animals
1/ Aristotle
2/ Socrates
3/ Plato
4/ Binet
1/ Aristotle
According to Aristotle, intellect is comprised of 2 parts. Pick 2 answers
1/ Innate intellect (cognitive capacity that someone is born with)
2/ Active intellect (organisation of information from the senses)
3/ Latent intellect (cognitive capacity that is developed, usually in childhood and adolescence)
4/ Passive intellect (Information from the senses)
2/ Active intellect (organisation of information from the senses)
4/ Passive intellect (Information from the senses)
In relation in intelligence, Galton proposed that
1/ It is learnt and developed through interacting with the environment
2/ It is significantly affected by hereditary factors
3/ Only males are capable of abstract thought
4/ Phrenology was the key to understanding it
2/ It is significantly affected by hereditary factors
Galton used
1/ An idiographic approach
2/ A nomothetic approach
3/ A lexical approach
4/ Factor analysis
2/ A nomothetic approach
Which of these did Galton use to measure intelligence
1/ Reaction times 2/ Keenness of sight and hearing 3/ Ability to distinguish colours 4/ Eye judgement 5/ All of the above
5/ All of the above
Most of these measure have been discarded, but reaction time is still used today.
Who is associated with the Anthropomorphic Lab at the International Health Exhibition
1/ Binet
2/ Galton
3/ Terman
4/ Yerkes
2/ Galton
Who is credited with creating the first intelligence test?
1/ Binet
2/ Galton
3/ Terman
4/ Yerkes
1/ Binet
Who did Binet collaborate with to create the Binet-Simon scale?
1/ Theodore Simon
2/ Paul Simon
3/ Pierre Simon
4/ Alvin Simon
1/ Theodore Simon
Which of the following statements is true of the Binet-Simon Scale?
1/ Designed to identify primary school children who’s lack of success or ability may lead to the requirement of special educational help
2/ The test was standardised around ages, meaning it was possible to determine a child’s ‘mental age’ (so someone who is 7, but can only pass the test designed for a 6 year old, would be given a mental age of 6)
3/ The test comprised a series of 30 short tasks related to everyday activity
4/ All of the above
4/ All of the above
Who is responsible for converting the Binet-Simon Scale to the Stanford-Binet Test in America?
1/ Theodore Simon
2/ George Stanford
3/ Lewis Terman
4/ Robert Yerkes
3/ Lewis Terman
Who is responsible for developing the idea of intelligence quotient (IQ)
1/ Theodore Simon
2/ Alfred Binet
3/ Lewis Terman
4/ William Stern
4/ William Stern
He found that the ratio of chronological age vs mental age in the Binet-Simon scale appeared very stable across time
The formula Stern used to determine IQ was
1/ (mental age / chronological age) x 100
2/ (chronological age / mental age) x 100
3/ (mental age x chronological age) / 100
4/ (chronological age x mental age) / 100
1/ (mental age / chronological age) x 100
so an 8 year old (chronological age) who scores what a 6 year old ‘should’ score (mental age)…
(6/8) x 100 = 75
Which key features distinguish the Standford-Binet Test from the Binet-Simon Scale?
1/ The adoption of the IQ formula allowed children to be compared across ages (rather than within ages)
2/ It is regarded to have adopted a far more representative sample for standardisation
3/ It featured less mathematic and geometric perception problems
4/ Answers 1 & 3
5/ Answers 1 & 2
5/ Answers 1 & 2
Who was appointed head of the Committee on the Psychological Examination of Recruits (responsible for implementing the use of IQ in WW1 military recruitment)?
1/ Theodore Simon
2/ Alfred Binet
3/ Lewis Terman
4/ Robert Yerkes
4/ Robert Yerkes
It was used to determine appropriate recruits for specific tasks.
Terman was also on the committee
Why did the Committee on the Psychological Examination of Recruits develop the Army Alpha and Army Beta tests rather than using the Stanford-Binet Test?
1/ Because most prospective recruits were illiterate
2/ Because the Standford-Binet Test was designed for children
3/ Because they needed a way to test many people simultaneously under the supervision of a single examiner
4/ Because the Standford-Binet Test ignored the importance of alpha male intellect versus beta male intellect
3/ Because they needed a way to test many people simultaneously under the supervision of a single examiner
The alpha test was for literate recruits, whereas the beta was for illiterate recruits and those with a poor level of English language
Who is credited with introducing the idea of general intelligence (G / G-Factor )?
1/ Charles Spearman
2/ Alfred Binet
3/ Lewis Terman
4/ Robert Yerkes
1/ Charles Spearman
What method did Spearman use in his development of general intelligence?
1/ Linear regression
2/ Factor analysis
3/ Spearman’s rho
4/ Pearson’s r
2/ Factor analysis
He noticed that scores in different test tasks were correlated, so may be actually testing the same thing
What did Spearman call the phenomenon of correlated scores on tests of differing nature?
1/ The Positive Manifold
2/ Phantom G
3/ IQ
4/ Spearman’s Rho
1/ The Positive Manifold
Spearman suggested that “G” was responsible for the positive manifold
“G” is the second factor of intelligence as proposed by Spearman. What is the first?
1/ “S” (specific abilities)
2/ “S” (special abilities)
3/ ‘S” (spatial abilities)
4/ “S” (subordinate abilities)
1/ “S” (specific abilities)
Which intelligence test did Weschler publish in 1939?
1/ Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
2/ Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC)
3/ Wechsler–Bellevue Intelligence Scale
4/ Wechsler-Spearman Intelligence Scale
3/ Wechsler–Bellevue Intelligence Scale
The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) was published in 1955 as a revision of the above (as was the WISC for children)
How were/are Weschler’s test administered?
1/ Many participants, one tester
2/ Many participants, a panel of testers
3/ One participant, one tester
4/ One participant, a panel of testers
3/ One participant, one tester
The various categories in Weschler’s WAIS/WISC are arranged across which 2 criteria?
1/ Abstract & practical
2/ Verbal & performance
3/ General & specific
4/ Alpha & beta
2/ Verbal & performance
Weschler introduced the idea of deviation IQ. Considering Weschler’s tests are designed for all ages, how was Stern’s formula modified to achieve this?
1/ (Actual test score x expected score for that age) / 100
2/ (Actual test score / expected score for that age) x 100
3/ (Actual test score / expected score for that age) / 100
4/ (Actual test score x expected score for that age) x 100
2/ (Actual test score / expected score for that age) x 100
What does “deviation IQ” mean?
1/ Deviance of individuals is calculated, with higher deviance expressed as a higher score
2/ A theory that provides a fundamentally different approach to intelligence testing from more traditional notions of IQ
3/ Intelligence is calculated as a number that is valued with reference to the 100 mean
4/ An inverse measure of intelligence, where the higher the score, the lower the intelligence of the individual
3/ Intelligence is calculated as a number that is valued with reference to the 100 mean
What statistical tool did Weschler use to classify scores on his intelligence tests?
1/ Linear regression
2/ Factor Analysis
3/ Spearman’s Rho
4/ The normal distribution
4/ The normal distribution
68% of the population will fall within 1 standard deviation from the mean (+/- = 115/85)
95% of the population will fall within 2 standard deviations of the mean (130/70)
These SD groups dictate the classification (1SD = normal, between 1 SD & 2 SD is considered low/high, a score that is outside 2 SDs is considered very low or very high.
Who was responsible for Progressive Matrices (published in 1939)?
1/ John Crowe
2/ John C. R. Aven
3/ John Craven
4/ John C. Raven
4/ John C. Raven
Although significantly different from Wechsler’s model, Raven’s Progressive Matrices are still rooted in the rationale based on what?
1/ Spearman’s theory of “G”
2/ Spearman’s Rho
3/ The Stanford-Binet Test
4/ Linear regression
1/ Spearman’s theory of “G”
What kind of tasks are absent from Raven’s Progressive Matrices?
1/ Perception tasks
2/ Geometric tasks
3/ Language based tasks
4/ Tasks designed to emphasis object relationships
3/ Language based tasks
Raven’s Progressice Matrices still produce a score that is mapped to the standard distribution for that age in order to obtain an IQ deviation score.
True
False
True
Thurstone’s alternative concept in place of Spearman’s “G” was based on how many primary abilities?
1/ 1
2/ 3
3/ 5
4/ 7
4/ 7
1/ Associative memory - ability for rote (learning through routine or repetition) memory
2/ Number - ability to carry out mathematical operations accurately
3/ Perception speed - ability to perceive details, anomalies, and similarities in visual stimuli
4/ Reasoning - ability in inductive and deductive reasoning
5/ Space (spatial visualisations) - ability to transform spatial figures mentally
6/ Verbal comprehension - ability in reading, comprehension, and verbal analogies
7/ Word fluency - ability to generate and use effectively a large number of words and letters
That is a genotype?
1/ The set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genes with the environment.
2/ An idea, behaviour, or style that spreads by means of imitation from person to person
3/ Changes in organisms caused by modification of gene expression rather than alteration of the genetic code itself
4/ The part of the genetic makeup of a cell, and therefore of any individual, which determines one of its characteristics
4/ The part of the genetic makeup of a cell, and therefore of any individual, which determines one of its characteristics
What is a phenotype?
1/ The set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.
2/ An idea, behaviour, or style that spreads by means of imitation from person to person
3/ Changes in organisms caused by modification of gene expression rather than alteration of the genetic code itself
4/ The part of the genetic makeup of a cell, and therefore of any individual, which determines one of its characteristics
1/ The set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.
What does IQ stand for?
1/ Intelligence Quota
2/ Intelligence Quotient
3/ Intellectual Questions
4/ Intellectual Quota
2/ Intelligence Quotient
Who wrote “The Bell Curve”?
1/ Francis Galton & Charles Darwin
2/ Douglas Murray & Hans Eysenck
3/ Alfred Binet & Théodore Simon
4/ Charles Murray & Richard Herrnstein
4/ Charles Murray & Richard Herrnstein
Which of the following is not a psychometric model of intelligence?
1/ Two-Factor Model (Spearman, 1923)
2/ Stanford-Binet Test (Terman, 1916)
3/ Primary Mental Abilities (Thurstone, 1938)
4/ Fluid/Crystallised Intelligence (Cattell, 1963)
2/ Stanford-Binet Test (Terman, 1916)
According to Cattell (1963), “fluid intelligence” (Gf) is
1/ The ability to solve new problems, use logic in new situations, and identify patterns.
2/ The ability to respond quickly and accurately to stimuli
3/ The ability to consider problems over time, and produce superior responses through cognitive processing
4/ The ability to use learned knowledge and experience
1/ The ability to solve new problems, use logic in new situations, and identify patterns.
According to Cattell (1963), “crystalised intelligence” (Gc) is
1/ The ability to solve new problems, use logic in new situations, and identify patterns.
2/ The ability to respond quickly and accurately to stimuli
3/ The ability to consider problems over time, and produce superior responses through cognitive processing
4/ The ability to use learned knowledge and experience
4/ The ability to use learned knowledge and experience
The neural efficiency hypothesis suggests that
1/ Brighter individuals show more brain activity when doing the same cognitive task as less bright people
2/ Brighter individuals show less brain activity when doing the same cognitive task as less bright people
3/ Brighter individuals can withstand a greater volume of neural decay over time without displaying cognitive decline than less bright people
4/ Brighter individuals can withstand a lesser volume of neural decay over time without displaying cognitive decline that less bright people
2/ Brighter individuals show less brain activity when doing the same cognitive task as less bright people
Who proposed the “multiple intelligences model”?
1/ Howard Gardner
2/ Charles Spearman
3/ Lewis Terman
4/ Robert Sternberg
1/ Howard Gardner
According to Gardner’s multiple intelligences model, how many criteria must an intelligence modality meet in order to be included in the model?
1/ 3
2/ 5
3/ 7
4/ 8
4/ 8
1/ Potential for brain isolation by brain damage
2/ Place in evolutionary history
3/ Presence of core operations
4/ Susceptibility to encoding (symbolic expression)
5/ A distinct developmental progression
6/ The existence of savants, prodigies and other exceptional people
7/ Support from experimental psychology
8/ Support from psychometric findings
According to Gardner’s multiple intelligences model, how many intelligence modalities meet the 8 criteria to be included in the model?
1/ 3
2/ 5
3/ 7
4/ 8
4/ 8
1/ Musical-rhythmic, 2/ Visual-spatial, 3/ Verbal-linguistic, 4 Logical-mathematical, 5/ Bodily-kinesthetic, 6/ Interpersonal, 7/ Intrapersonal, 8/ Naturalistic
Who is responsible for the Triarchic Theory of intelligence?
1/ Howard Gardner
2/ Charles Spearman
3/ Lewis Terman
4/ Robert Sternberg
4/ Robert Sternberg
What kind of approach does Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory use?
1/ Psychometric
2/ Idiographic
3/ Cognitive
4/ Phrenology
3/ Cognitive
It was one of the first theories of intelligence to go against the psychometric approach
What are the three components of Sternberg’s Triarchic model?
1/ Metacomponents, performance components, and knowledge-acquisition components.
2/ Metacomponents, predictive components, and knowledge-acquisition components.
3/ Metacomponents, direct components, and knowledge-acquisition components.
4/ Metacomponents, performance components, and general components.
1/ Metacomponents, performance components, and knowledge-acquisition components.
How many types of giftedness does Sternberg recognise in his Triarchic model?
1/ 3
2/ 5
3/ 7
4/ 8
1/ 3
Analytical giftedness (problem solving), synthetic giftedness (creativity, intuition, and a study of the arts), and practical giftedness (the ability to apply synthetic and analytic skills to everyday situations)
Which 4 proposed abilities are associated with emotional intelligence?
1/ Perceiving, reflecting, understanding, and managing emotions
2/ Perceiving, empathising, understanding, and managing emotions
3/ Perceiving, using, understanding, and managing emotions
4/ Sympathising, empathising, understanding, and managing emotions
3/ Perceiving, using, understanding, and managing emotions
What is factor analysis?
1/ A statistical method of predicting future correlations between 2 factors or tasks
2/ A measure of correlation between 2 factors or tasks
3/ A statistical procedure for identifying common factors that underlie performance across a set of tasks
4/ A statistical way of measuring the affect of situational factors on deviation IQ
3/ A statistical procedure for identifying common factors that underlie performance across a set of tasks
Spearman proposed the concept of “S-factor” to explain what?
1/ The positive manifold
2/ The correlation between various different test scores
3/ The variance within generally correlated scores in various different tests
4/ The variance between various different test scores across age groups, gender, and race
3/ The variance within generally correlated scores in various different tests
Who proposed the “Primary Mental Abilities” model?
1/ Howard Gardner
2/ Charles Spearman
3/ Lewis Terman
4/ Louis Thurstone
4/ Louis Thurstone
Who proposed the “Verbal-Perceptual” model?
1/ Howard Gardner
2/ Philip Vernon
3/ Lewis Terman
4/ Louis Thurstone
2/ Philip Vernon
In Vernon’s Verbal-Perceptual model, g-factor is split into 2 component parts. What is meant by the v:ed factor?
1/ Verbal-varied factor
2/ Verbal-environmentally driven factor
3/ Verbal-educational factor
4/ Verbal-essential drive factor
3/ Verbal-educational factor
In Vernon’s Verbal-Perceptual model, g-factor is split into 2 component parts. What is meant by the k:m factor?
1/ Performance-manual skill factor
2/ Perceptual-mechanical skill factor
3/ Kinetic-mechanical skill factor
4/ Kinetic-manual skill factor
2/ Perceptual-mechanical skill factor
spatial, practical, and mechanical abilities
Who did Gardner work with when developing his model of multiple intelligences?
1/ Healthy children and healthy adults
2/ Brain damaged children and brain damaged adults
3/ Healthy children and brain damaged adults
4/ Brain damaged children and healthy adults
3/ Healthy children and brain damaged adults
What evidence did Gardner site for the taxonomy of faculties used in his model of multiple intelligences?
1/ Psychometric data analysed using factor analysis
2/ Idiographic data drawn from multiple case studies
3/ Physiological data associating different faculties with different brain regions
4/ Large data sets drawn from multiple sources (test scores, educational achievement, physical tests etc)
3/ Physiological data associating different faculties with different brain regions
Regarding “G-factor”, Gardner….
1/ Dismissed the idea
2/ Felt that traditional IQ tests did not test for all intelligences
3/ Felt that it was a basically correct, but incomplete theory
4/ 1 & 3
5/ 1 & 2
5/ 1 & 2
