Humanistic Approach Flashcards
According to Maslow, what are innate tendencies that are predisposed toward healthy growth?
1/ Internal tendencies
2/ Instinctoid tendencies
3/ Innatoid tendencies
4/ Biological tendencies
2/ Instinctoid tendencies
Did Maslow think that his approach was compatible with psychoanalysis?
1/ No
2/ Yes, as they both focus on the same things
3/ Yes, as psychoanalysis focuses on disturbed people, and Maslow focuses on healthy people
4/ Sometimes, but only if an individual has no psychosexual stage fixations
3/ Yes, as psychoanalysis focuses on disturbed people, and Maslow focuses on healthy people
Maslow felt that the 2 approaches could combine to form a complete theory of human personality
Maslow saw motivational factors as broadly broken down into 2 types of need. These are (pick 2)
1/ Deficiency motives
2/ Sexual motives
3/ Self-actualisation motives
4/ Growth motives
1/ Deficiency motives
4/ Growth motives (aka being/b-motives)
According to Maslow, deficiency motives are:
1/ No longer motivating once the deficiency is met
2/ Motivational factors for people who are inherently deficient
3/ Motives that have a negative affect on the individual
4/ The only way to motivate someone with low self-efficacy
1/ No longer motivating once the deficiency is met
e.g. food is a motivating factor when you are hungry
According to Maslow, growth motives are:
1/ No longer motivating once they are met
2/ Vital for physical growth during childhood and puberty
3/ More motivating the more they are met
4/ The only type of motivational factor relevant for healthy people
3/ More motivating the more they are met
e.g. thirst for knowledge
Maslow’s hierarchy is arranged in which order
1/ Physiological, belongingness & love, safety, esteem, self-actualisation
2/ Physiological, safety, esteem, belongingness & love, self-actualisation
3/ Physiological, esteem, safety, belongingness & love, self-actualisation
4/ Physiological, safety, belongingness & love, esteem, self-actualisation
4/ Physiological, safety, belongingness & love, esteem, self-actualisation
According to Maslow, b-cognition is:
1/ Non-judgemental thought that occurs during peak experiences
2/ Judgemental thought that occurs as standard
3/ Secondary to a-cognition
4/ Meta-cognition that characterises geniuses
1/ Non-judgemental thought that occurs during peak experiences
According to Maslow, d-cognition is:
1/ Non-judgemental thought that occurs during peak experiences
2/ Judgemental thought that occurs as standard
3/ Secondary to a-cognition
4/ Meta-cognition that characterises geniuses
2/ Judgemental thought that occurs as standard
According to Maslow, self-actualisers:
1/ Engage only in b-cognition
2/ Engage only in d-cognition
3/ Engage in neither b or d-cognition
4/ Engage in both b and d-cognition
4/ Engage in both b and d-cognition
According to Maslow, which of the following is not true of self-actualisers:
1/ They have a higher level of self-acceptance
2/ They have increased defence mechanisms
3/ They are more independent
4/ They have reduced defence mechanisms
2/ They have increased defence mechanisms
Having fewer defence mechanisms leaves them more in touch with reality as defence mechanisms distort reality
Maslow felt that all mental illness and psychological disturbance is caused by:
1/ Physiological damage to the brain
2/ The failure to satisfy individual needs as characterised in the hierarchy of needs
3/ Both 1 & 2
4/ None of the above
2/ The failure to satisfy individual needs as characterised in the hierarchy of needs
The lower the level of need not being satisfied, the more profound the disturbance
According to Maslow, what is the only truly effective way to treat mental illness?
1/ The pursuit of self-actualisation
2/ Psychedelics
3/ Psychoanalysis
4/ Frontal lobotomy
1/ The pursuit of self-actualisation
Carl Rogers is associated with:
1/ Person-centred therapy
2/ Self-centred therapy
3/ Personality therapy
4/ Person-centric therapy
1/ Person-centred therapy
Carl Rogers was critical of Freud because:
1/ He thought free-association was a sham
2/ Freud was too fixated on sex
3/ Freud neglected to use psychoactive substances for treatment
4/ People had more autonomy in shaping their lives than Freud proposed
4/ People had more autonomy in shaping their lives than Freud proposed
Carl Rogers referred to the people who came to him for therapy as:
1/ Patients
2/ Customers
3/ Clients
4/ Volunteers
3/ Clients
Carl Rogers saw humans as:
1/ Fixated on the past
2/ Present orientated
3/ Future orientated
4/ Fundamentally naive
3/ Future orientated
Future goals influence our current behaviour
According to Rogers…
1/ The therapist is the best expert on the client
2/ The client is the best expert on the therapist
3/ The client is the best expert on the client
4/ It is impossible for a therapist to be an expert on anything
3/ The client is the best expert on the client
The therapist just there to help them better recognise their problems and issues.
What kind of perspective did Rogers have on the nature of reality?
1/ Phenomenological
2/ Objectivist
3/ Realist
4/ Post-modernist
1/ Phenomenological
It is experienced via the experiences of an experiencer
According to Rogers, Maslow’s description of self-actualisation was:
1/ Accurate and worthy of the same focus
2/ Inaccurate in that is shouldn’t be at the top of the hierarchy
3/ Non-sensical. He believed there is no such thing as self-actualisation
4/ Not particularly helpful in a therapeutic setting
1/ Accurate and worthy of the same focus
Individuals are said to have an innate actualising tendency
According to Rogers, the ‘real self’ is:
1/ The person you have become
2/ The genetic blueprint of the person you are capable of becoming
3/ The vision of one’s self as a result of growing and becoming socialised
4/ Your concept of the person you’d ideally like to be
2/ The genetic blueprint of the person you are capable of becoming
According to Rogers, ‘self-concept’ is:
1/ The person you have become
2/ The genetic blueprint of the person you are capable of becoming
3/ The vision of one’s self as a result of growing and becoming socialised
4/ Your concept of the person you’d ideally like to be
3/ The vision of one’s self as a result of growing and becoming socialised
What did Rogers consider the emotional experience that is necessary for optimum development?
1/ Love
2/ Unconditional positive regard
3/ Empathy
4/ Interconnectdness
2/ Unconditional positive regard
Which of the following statements are not compatible with Rogers’ concept of ‘conditions of worth’?
1/ They are learnt
2/ Are used to evaluate the impact of our future behaviours on others
3/ Are used to evaluate the unconditional positive regard of others
4/ Impact our self-concept
3/ Are used to evaluate the unconditional positive regard of others
They are used to evaluate the conditional positive regard of others
According to Rogers, our self-concept is:
1/ Socially constructed
2/ Innate
3/ The result of introspection
4/ Unaffected by conditions of worth
1/ Socially constructed
According to Rogers, which of the below are not compatible with his concept of congruence between the true-self and the self-concept
1/ High congruence is the result of being raised with sufficient unconditional positive regard
2/ The better the match between the two, the more psychologically healthy the adult
3/ The more unconditional positive regard in the environment, the less conditions of worth will be developed
4/ A high level of congruence indicates the individual is either a genius, or a psychopath
4/ A high level of congruence indicates the individual is either a genius, or a psychopath
According to Rogers, which two of the below are true regarding conditions of worth (CoW)?
1/ Few CoW = high-functioning individual
2/ Many CoW = high-functioning individual
3/ Few CoW = low-functioning individual
4/ Many CoW = low-functioning individual
1/ Few CoW = high-functioning individual
4/ Many CoW = low-functioning individual
According to Rogers, high-functioning adults are likely to do what regarding their children?
1/ Impose more conditions of worth on them
2/ Impose fewer conditions of worth on them
3/ Have more children
4/ Have fewer children
2/ Impose fewer conditions of worth on them
Rogers felt that personality development is…
1/ Innate and fixed
2/ Formed in infancy
3/ Formed in infancy and throughout childhood
4/ A lifelong process with people always capable of change
4/ A lifelong process with people always capable of change
What kind of psychological conditions did Rogers diagnose in his practice?
1/ Manic depression
2/ Schizophrenia
3/ Any that are listed in the latest DSM
4/ None
4/ None
Diagnostic labels were excluded from Rogers practice as they imbalanced the client-therapist power dynamic he wanted
According to Rogers, what is meant by ‘actualising tendency’
1/ The natural tendency to meet the needs to the organismic self
2/ The natural tendency to experience our lives in actuality
3/ Survival drives
4/ The natural tendency to respond to conditions of worth
1/ The natural tendency to meet the needs to the organismic self
According to Rogers, what affect do conditions of worth have on our actualising tendencies?
1/ They help fulfil them
2/ They block them
3/ They have no affect on them
4/ Conditions of worth are actually affected by actualising tendencies, not the other way round
2/ They block them
Which of the below are true of Rogerian counselling? Pick as many as applicable.
1/ Focus on creating an environment conducive for growth.
2/ Focus on uncovering repressed memories from childhood
3/ The aim of therapy is to reduce the gap between the real and ideal selves.
4/ Therapy can be supplemented with psychoactive drugs prescribed by a psychiatrist
1/ Focus on creating an environment conducive for growth.
3/ The aim of therapy is to reduce the gap between the real and ideal selves.
People training to be Rogerian counsellors must
1/ Have no conditions of worth
2/ Have never had counselling
3/ Attend counselling
4/ Have also trained in psychoanalysis
3/ Attend counselling
A Rogerian counsellor must
1/ Impose more appropriate conditions of worth on the client
2/ Have unconditional positive regard for the client
3/ Have conditional positive regard for the client
4/ Have fully satisfied their actualising tendencies
2/ Have unconditional positive regard for the client
Rogers used Q-sort to measure clients’ self concept. What is Q-sort?
1/ A card-sorting method of data collection
2/ A type of factor analysis
3/ A type of hypnosis
4/ A self-report method of data collection
1/ A card-sorting method of data collection
Humanism is also know as the
1/ First force in psychology
2/ Second force in psychology
3/ Third force in psychology
4/ Fourth force in psychology
3/ Third force in psychology
What are the five key themes in humanistic psychology
1/ Freewill, Personality, Personal growth, The here and now, Objective experience
2/ Freewill, Personality, Personal growth, The here and now, Subjective experience
3/ Freewill, Personal responsibility, Personal growth, The here and now, Subjective experience
4/ Freewill, Personal responsibility, Personal growth, Self actualisation, Subjective experience
3/ Freewill, Personal responsibility, Personal growth, The here and now, Subjective experience
According to Rogers, the organismic self is
1/ The ‘real’ part of ourselves that can get obscured by our self-concept
2/ The ‘real’ part of ourselves that is constructed by our self-concept
3/ The ‘false’ part of ourselves that is constructed by our self-concept
4/ A particularly attractive self-actualiser
1/ The ‘real’ part of ourselves that can get obscured by our self-concept
___________ personality theory tends to view human nature positively, while ___________ personality theory tends to view human nature negatively.
1/ Humanistic; psychoanalytic
2/ Behavioristic; trait
3/ Psychoanalytic; humanistic
4/ Trait; behavioristic
1/ Humanistic; psychoanalytic
.___________ personality theory focuses on free choice and the potential to blossom, while _________ personality theory emphasize instincts and unconscious forces.
1/ Humanistic; psychoanalytic
2/ Behavioristic; psychoanalytic
3/ Humanistic; behavioristic
4/ Trait; behavioristic
1/ Humanistic; psychoanalytic
Which of the following is a FALSE statement concerning humanistic psychologists?
1/ They believe humans have free choice.
2/ They view human nature as inherently good.
3/ They focus on the unconscious forces within one’s psyche.
4/ They are concerned with the human experience, problems, potentials, and ideals.
3/ They focus on the unconscious forces within one’s psyche.
A key element of Carl Rogers’ personality theory is the concept of
1/ Meta-needs.
2/ The self-image.
3/ Self-reinforcement.
4/ The pleasure principle.
2/ The self-image.
Maslow developed his theory of self-actualisation by
1/ Observing how preschool teachers give attention to different behaviours in boys and girls.
2/ Using projective tests with normal and abnormal subjects.
3/ Studying people who lived unusually effective lives.
4/ Using computer models to simulate human emotional experiences.
3/ Studying people who lived unusually effective lives.
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of self-actualisers?
1/ They value solitude and are comfortable being alone.
2/ Their interpersonal relationships are marked by deep, loving bonds.
3/ They rely on external authorities within society for behavioural guidelines.
4/ They judge situations correctly and honestly.
3/ They rely on external authorities within society for behavioural guidelines.
