Intelligence Flashcards
Explain Spearmans theory of intelligence
- he was influence by Galton and heavily influenced Catell and Wechsler
- factor analysis, a complicated statistical method measuring cognitive abilities and there relationship to other attributes
- known as the two factor theory proposed that intelligence consisted of two factors, general factor (GF) and specific factor (SP)
- GF // underlying intelligence factor
- SF // specific skill and unique abilities
Explain Galtons theory of intelligence
- believed intelligence is a general ability, showed in different ways // dependent on the environment
- noted the importance of individuality
Explain Binet/Simon theory of intelligence
- developed the first standardised intelligence test to differentiate ‘ normal’ kids to ‘special needs’ kids
- classified people into three groups
1. Idiots
2. Morons
3. Imbeciles
The test was revised in 1908 where they introduced the idea of what a child at various ages should be expected to know
IQ - mental age / chronological age X 100
- 100 is ‘normal’
- IQ score depends on
1. Participant
2. Test
3. Conditions
Explains Termans theory of intelligence
- developed Binets original theory further
- made the Binet / Simon test more appropriate to Americans and adults
- 5 cognitive area:
1. Fluid reasoning
2. Knowledge
3. Visual spacial
4. Quantitative reasoning
5. Short term memory
Explain Wechslers theory of intelligence
- believed that intelligence required both verbal and non verbal
- common features
1. Similar subtests for performance
2. Common subtests across all
3. Clear, common overall score
State and explain the different varieties of Wechslers tests
WPPSI - III : for 2 to 7 year olds
Wechslers primary and preschool scale of intelligence
WISC : 5 - 15 years
Wechslers scale for children
WAIS (IV) : over 16 years
Wechslers adult intelligence scale
Explain Howard Gardners theory for intelligence (strengths and weaknesses)
2 key assumptions
- All people possess all these intelligences
- All individuals have a unique combination of the intelligences
The 9 intelligences
Strengths
- simplistic nature
- acknowledges that intelligence is more than an IQ
Limitations
- little empirical support
- theory not complete
- questioned if some intelligences are actually skills
What are Gardners 9 intelligences
- Linguistic
- Musical
- Mathematical
- Visual spacial
- Bodily-kinaesthetic
- Interpersonal
- Intrapersonal
- Naturalistic ] 1995
- Existential] 1998
4 branch model (salovey and Mayers theory)
- Perceiving emotions
Understanding Non verbal signals - Reasoning with emotions
Emotions to promote thinking - Understanding emotions
Observer being able to interpret the emotions - Managing emotions
Manage emotions effectively and respond appropriately
What is Golmans definition of intelligence
The capacity to be aware of, control and express ones emotions, and to handle interpersonal relationships empathetically
‘Mixed model’ of EI is a combination of two other models, what are they?
- Ability model
By Salovey and Mayer - Trait model
By Konstantin
What are the 5 constructs of EI according to Golman
- Self awareness
Ability to know ones emotions and strengths - Self regulation
Controlling and redirecting disruptive emotions - Social skill
Managing relationships - Empathy
Considering the feelings of others - Motivation
Drive
How to test EI according to Golman
The trait meta moon scale
Assessing emotions scale
Mayer, salovey and caruso emotional intelligence scale
Campbell and Moore deakin emotional intelligence scale
