intelligence

Question 1

SPEARMAN’S TWO FACTOR THEORY

Answer 1

intelligence is made up of a general (g) factor that is innate, and more specific factors (eg verbal, mathematical abilities) that are learned

Question 2

THURSTONE’S PRIMARY MENTAL ABILITIES

Answer 2

there are seven primary factors of intelligence:
verbal comprehension
reasoning
perceptual speed
numerical ability
word fluency
associative memory
spatial visualisation

Question 3

GARDNER’S THEORY OF INTELLIGENCE

Answer 3

there are eight intellectual abilities:
musical-rhythmic
visual-spatial
verbal-linguistic
logical-mathematical
bodily-kineaesthetic
interpersonal
intrapersonal
naturalistic

Question 4

RAYMOND CATTELL’S FLUID & CRYSTAL INTELLIGENCE

Answer 4

fluid intelligence: ability to solve new problems without past knowledge
crystallised intelligence: ability to use learned skills
fluid intelligence declines over time, and crystallised int. increases with time

Question 5

STANFORD-BINET INTELLIGENCE SCALE

Answer 5

determined Intelligence Quotient (IQ) of children
[mental age/chronological agex100]
the scores of the population formed a bell shaped curve, aka the Gaussian distribution
IQ testing was done in the army and were called Army Alpha and Beta

Question 6

WECHSLER INTELLIGENCE SCALES

Answer 6

scored by comparing the test taker’s score to the scores of others in the same age group
the test scores were for
verbal comprehension
perceptual reasoning
working memory
processing speed
the test result provides 2 summary scores, full scale IQ and General Ability Index

Question 7

RAVEN’S TEST OF INTELLIGENCE

Answer 7

didnt have verbal testing like the other tests (useful for children who had english as not their main language)
the tests asked children to identify the missing element that completes a pattern
standard progressive matrices: items in set become progressively more difficult, the test was in black and white ink
coloured profressive matrices: test was presented on colourful background to help disabled and elderly people take it
advanced progressive matrices: contains 48 items in the sequence and is for people of above average intelligence

Question 8

THE FLYNN EFFECT

Answer 8

refers to the substantial increase in average IQ scores due to potentially better education/nutrition/heterosis (genetically superior offspring)

Question 9

GUILFORD’S STRUCTURE OF INTELLECT

Answer 9

180 intellectual abilities in a dimensional model