Integumentory system

Question 1

2 structures of the cutaneous membrane

Answer 1

1. Epidermis

2. Dermis

Question 2

Functions of the Epidermis

Answer 2

• Protection from water loss/ infection

- Has all sensory receptors except for vibration

Question 3

Two layers of the Dermis + Specifics

Answer 3

1. Paillary layer- Nurishes and seperates epidermis
2. Reticular
   - Restricts spread of pathpgens entering epidermis
   - Store lipid resources
   - Attach skin to deeper tissues
   - All sensory receptors
   - Blood vessels

Question 4

3 accessory structures

Answer 4

1. Hair follicles
2. Exocrine glands
3. Nails

Question 5

What is the vibration receptor called

Answer 5

Lamellated corpuscle

Question 6

2 types of epidermis

Answer 6

1. Thick- found in palm/soles (5 layers)

2. Thin- found on rest of body (4 layers)

Question 7

What are Keratinocytes, melanocytes, merkel cells, Langerhans cells

Answer 7

K- Prodice tough pro. called keratin
Me- Pigment cells
M- Sensory cells
L- Fixed macrophages

Question 8

Layers of epidermis starting with deepest ( and what is located there)

Answer 8

Stratum basal- melanocytes here/active reproduction zone

Stratum Spinosum- Some melanocytes, Keratinocytes bound by desmosomes

Stratum Granulosum- Keratinocytes produce keratin

Stratum Lucidum- Only thick

Stratum Corneum- Keratin adds protection

Question 9

What forms epidermal ridges

Answer 9

Stratum basale and it extends to dermis

Question 10

What is skin color due to

Answer 10

Blood supply, Thickness of stratum corneum, conc. of carotene and melanin

Question 11

What is melanosome

Answer 11

moves melanin to surface of skin

Question 12

Structures of paillariy and reticular layer

Answer 12

papillary- dermal papilae, capilaries, nerve axons

reticular- Dense irregular connective tissue

• hair follicles
• sweat glands/ sebaceous glands

Question 13

Subcutaneous layer

Answer 13

Deep to dermis

-consists of adipose tissue, major blood vessels

Question 14

3 layers of hair structure

Answer 14

1. Medulla- core, consits of soft keratin
2. Cortex- contains thick layers of hard keratin (gives hair thickness)
3. Cuticle- Contains hard keratin

Question 15

3 layers of Follicle structure

Answer 15

1. Internal root sheath- surrounds deep portion of hair root.
2. External root sheath- skin surface to hair matrix
3. Glassy membrane- clear layer wrapped in dense connective tissue

Question 16

3 types of hair

Answer 16

Vellus- covers most of body
Intermediate- arms and legs
Terminal- covers head

Question 17

Functions of hair

Answer 17

Protection of UV light
Insulation
Gaurds entrance to nose/ears
senses movement

Question 18

Hair growth phases

Answer 18

1. Active phase
   - 2-5 years
   - grows continously
2. Regression phase
   - the follicle then begins to undergo regression + transisions to resting phase
3. Resting phase
   - hair loses its attachment to follicle
4. Reactivation phase
   - Club hair is lost + hair matrix begins prod replacement

Question 19

Sebaceous glands (2 types)

Answer 19

-Secretes oily liquids (sebum- found everywhere except palms and soles)

1. Typical- secrete into hair follicles
2. Sebaceous- secrete onto hair surface

Question 20

Sweat Glands (2 types)

Answer 20

• produce watery solution

1. Aprocine- Limited distribution (axillae, groin, nips)
   - deposites sweat into hair follice
   - release pheromones
2. Merocrine- widespread (onto sweat pores)
   - produces mostly water