Integumentary system (pressure ulcer & cellulitis)

Question 1

Are there blood vessels in the epidermis?

Answer 1

No. It is avascular

Question 2

Epidermis is composed of ___ layers of cells called _______________

Answer 2

Epidermis is composed of 4-5 layers of cells called stratified squamous keratinized epithelial cells

Question 3

What is the deepest layer of the skin called?

Answer 3

Subcutaneous layer (hypodermis)

Question 4

Blisters: _______ is involved

Answer 4

basement membrane

Question 5

As a person ages, skin stiffness increases/decreases

Answer 5

increases

Question 6

As a person ages, skin loses ________

Answer 6

subcutaneous fats

Question 7

As a person ages, skin has decreased function of _____ and ______ glands.

Therefore, skin becomes less ____.

Answer 7

sweat and sebaceous;

less oily

Question 8

As a person ages, there is a _____ blood flow and more fragile_____ .

Thus, decreases _____ & loss of effective vascular activities by arterioles

Answer 8

decreased, capillaries;

sensation

Question 9

Unrelieved pressure in pressure ulcers causes _________ of the skin and underlying structures

Answer 9

ischaemic lesions

Question 10

4 causes of pressure ulcers

Answer 10

1. pressure
2. shearing forces
3. friction
4. moisture

Question 11

Desc how pressure causes pressure ulcers

Answer 11

The external pressures exceed capillary pressure.
This obstructs blood flow in the capillary beds.
Thus, an area of ischaemia.
This contributes to ulcer formation.

Question 12

Desc how shearing forces cause pressure ulcers

Answer 12

Shearing forces: caused by sliding of 1 tissue layer to another with stretching and angulation of the blood vessels.
Thus, causes injuries and thrombosis.

Question 13

Desc how friction causes pressure ulcers

Answer 13

By damaging the skin at the epidermal/dermal surface

Question 14

Desc how moisture causes pressure ulcers

Answer 14

Weakens the cell wall of individual skin cells

Question 15

Necrotic tissue promotes ________ and impairs _______.

Answer 15

bacterial growth;

healing

Question 16

Debridement is the ________

Answer 16

removal of dead (necrotic) or infected skin tissue to help a wound heal.

Question 17

Wound dressing heals by ______ and protecting from _______.

Answer 17

absorbing exudate;

contamination

Question 18

Cellulitis is an infection affecting the _____ & the _________

Answer 18

dermis & subcutaneous tissues

Question 19

Cellulitis is usually caused by

Answer 19

staphylococcus aureus

Question 20

Cellulitis is most common at

Answer 20

the legs

Question 21

Cellulitis has a definite/indefinite border

Answer 21

indefinite

Question 22

Complications of cellulitis

Answer 22

sepsis
nephritis
death

Question 23

Risk factors of cellulitis

Answer 23

1. skin trauma (eg. abrasion, penetrating wound, pressure ulcer, insect bite, injection drug use)
2. conditions that cause skin inflammation (eg. eczema, radiation therapy)
3. oedema due to impaired lymphatic drainage or venous insufficiency
4. obesity
5. immunosuppression (eg. diabetes or HIV)
6. pre-existing skin infections (eg. varicella, impetigo)

Question 24

Skin abscess is the collection of _______ within the _______ or _______; may develop via _______ of a hair follicle

Answer 24

Skin abscess is the collection of pus within the dermis or subcutaneous space; may develop via deep infection of a hair follicle

Question 25

_______ is common in patients with stasis dermatitis

Answer 25

Contact allergy