Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PATHO PART 2 > Fractures > Flashcards

Fractures Flashcards

1
Q

_____ fracture: the presence of more than 1 fracture line & more than 2 bone fragments

A

Comminuted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

_____ fracture: bone fragment telescopes into another bone fragment (long bone)

A

Impacted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

_____ fracture: an incomplete break in the bone; common in children

A

Greenstick

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Extent of fracture:

_____ fracture: fragments remain in alignment & position

A

Non displaced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Extent of fracture:

_____ fracture: bone ends are separated

A

Displaced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Extent of fracture:

_____ fracture: fragment displaced below the level of the bon surface; common in flat bones due to trauma

A

Depressed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Extent of fracture:

_____ fracture: Skin is penetrated or broken

A

Open (compound)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

X-ray of fracture is taken from at least ___ angles

A

2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Immobilisation and repeat x-ray in ____weeks

A

1-2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Bone healing steps in the cortical (compact) bone

  1. cortical bone fracture: torn blood vessel in the ________
  2. ________
  3. resorption & bone deposition: living bone replaces ________
  4. ________: new bone formation at edges of _______
  5. remodeling: replacement of ________
A
  1. cortical bone fracture: torn blood vessel in the Haversian system
  2. clotting
  3. resorption & bone deposition: living bone replaces avascular bone
  4. callus formation: new bone formation at edges of periosteum
  5. remodeling: replacement of mature lamellar bone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Bone healing steps in the cancellous bone

  1. cancellous bone fracture: formation of ________
  2. ________ of bone at fracture site prevented
  3. resorption & bone deposition: living bone replaces ________
  4. primary woven bone: formed by ________ in the ________
  5. ________ bone: replaces woven bone
A
  1. cancellous bone fracture: formation of internal callus
  2. necrosis of bone at fracture site prevented
  3. resorption & bone deposition: living bone replaces avascular bone
  4. primary woven bone: formed by osteogenic cells in the trabeculae
  5. lamellar bone: replaces woven bone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

External fixation: devices applied _______

A

temporarily

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Factors of delayed union

A
  • smoking

- immunocompromised

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Delayed healing:

______: not healed by > 6 mnths aft a fracture

A

Nonunion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Delayed healing:

______: improper alignment of fracture fragments

A

Malunion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Delayed healing:

______: anywhr from 3-6mnths aft the fracture, bone pain & tenderness are continuously increasing beyond the expected healing period

A

Delayed union

17
Q

Compartment syndrome:

  • if tissue exceeds ________, blood vessels collapse impeding blood flow, leading to further ______ & ______
A
  • if tissue exceeds intravascular pressure, blood vessels collapse impeding blood flow, leading to further hypoxia & oedema
18
Q

Compartment syndrome:

eventual _______ of the soft tissue

A

eventual necrosis of the soft tissue

19
Q

Treatment of compartment syndrome

A

emergent decompression

20
Q

DVT & pulmonary embolism:

thrombosis forms in _________; clot fragments break loose, lodging in the _______

A

thrombosis forms in distal extremity; clot fragments break loose, lodging in the lungs

21
Q

DVT & pulmonary embolism:

risks factors: __________________

A

multiple trauma, prolonged immobility

22
Q

DVT & pulmonary embolism:

S&S

A

chest pain, dyspnoea and hypoxemia more than 5 days after a fracture

23
Q

Treatment of DVT & pulmonary embolism

A

ventilatory support; anticoagulation

24
Q

Fat emboli syndrome:

fat particles released from _______ into the blood steeam and lodge in _______

A

fat particles released from bone marrow into the blood stream and lodge in lung vasculature

25
Q

Fat emboli syndrome manifestations

A
  • SOB
  • rapid breathing
  • hypoxemia
  • fine petechial rash (esp. on torso and back area)
  • altered mental status
26
Q

Treatment of Fat emboli syndrome

A

ventilatory support

27
Q

_______: complete separation of joint articulating surfaces

A

dislocation

28
Q

_______: partial separation of joint articulation surfaces

A

subluxation

29
Q

Treatment of dislocation & subluxation

A

local soft-tissue trauma & healing

30
Q

Manifestations of dislocation & subluxation

  • ____
  • alteration in the ________ in the joint
  • change in ________
  • loss of ________
A
  • pain
  • alteration in the normal contour in the joint
  • change in extremity length
  • loss of normal mobility
31
Q 
Peripheral vascular integrity (normal)--
colour:
temp:
capillary refill:
tissue turgor (edema):
A

colour: pink
temp: warm
capillary refill: 1-2 secs
tissue turgor (edema): full

32
Q 
Peripheral vascular integrity (inadequate arterial supply)--
colour:
temp:
capillary refill:
tissue turgor (edema):
A

colour: pale or white
temp: cool
capillary refill: >2secs
tissue turgor (edema): hollow or prunelike

33
Q 
Peripheral vascular integrity (inadequate venous return)--
colour:
temp:
capillary refill:
tissue turgor (edema):
A

colour: blue, cyanotic, mottled
temp: hot
capillary refill: immediate
tissue turgor (edema): distended or tense

34
Q

Is healing time faster in a compact or cancellous bone? Why?

A

Cancellous. Due to the rich blood supply.

PATHO PART 2 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions