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Anatomy Unit 3- Sav > Integumentary System Histology > Flashcards

Integumentary System Histology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the components of skin?

A

Skin

Epidermal Derivatives

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2
Q

What are Epidermal Derivatives?

A
  • Hair follicles & hair
  • Sweat (sudoriferous) glands
  • Sebaceous (oil) glands
  • Nails
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3
Q

Functions of Integumentary system

A

Protective•Immunologic•Homeostasis •Sensory•Endocrine•Exocrine

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4
Q

Two principle layers of skin

A

Epidermis & Dermis

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5
Q

Superficial layer of skin

A

Epidermis

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6
Q

What type of epithelium is the epidermis?

A

Keratinized stratified squamous

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7
Q

Where is the epidermis derived from?

A

Ectoderm

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8
Q

Is the epidermis vascular?

A

No, avascular

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9
Q

Deep layer of the skin

A

Dermis

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10
Q

What is the dermis made of?

A

Connective tissue

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11
Q

What is the dermis derived from?

A

Mesoderm

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12
Q

Subcutaneous layer deep to the skin

A

Hypodermis

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13
Q

What is the hypodermis composed of?

A

Adipose tissue, vascularized

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14
Q

Where is thick skin found?

A

Palms of hands and soles of feet

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15
Q

Found in areas subject to the most abrasion

A

Thick skin

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16
Q

Hairless skin

A

Thick skin

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17
Q

Thickest epidermal layer

A

Thick skin

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18
Q

Hair follicles present in

A

Thin skin

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19
Q
  • Found everywhere except palms of hands and soles of feet

- Much thinner epidermis than thick skin

A

Thin skin

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20
Q

How many layers in thin skin?

A

4 layers

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21
Q

How many layers in thick skin?

A

5 layers

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22
Q

Name the layers of epidermis from Deep to superficial

A
  1. Stratum Basale
  2. Stratum Spinosum
  3. Stratum Granulosum
  4. Stratum Lucidum
  5. Stratum Corneum
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23
Q
  • Produce keratins

- Participate in formation of water barrier

A

Keratinocytes (85%)

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24
Q

Pigment producing cells

A

Melanocytes (5%)

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25
Q

Antigen presenting cells of the immune system

A

Langerhans’ cells (2%-5%)

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26
Q

Mechanoreceptor cells associated with sensory nerve endings

A

Merkel’s cells (6%-10%)

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27
Q

Principal cell type of epidermis

A

Keratinocytes

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28
Q

Major structural proteins of epidermis

A

Keratins

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29
Q

What do keratins form?

A

Keratin filaments

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30
Q

Keratin filaments are classified as

A

Intermediate filaments or tonofilaments

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31
Q

What do keratinocytes help form

A

Epidermal water barrier

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32
Q

What is the water barrier formed via?

A

Production of lamellar bodies

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33
Q
  • Tubular/ovoid shaped membrane bound organelles

- Lipid-containig structures

A

Epidermal water barrier

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34
Q

Single layer of basophilic cells

A

Stratum Basale

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35
Q

How are cells in the Stratum basale?

A

Small and cuboidal/ low columnar

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36
Q

Mitotically active layer; contains stem cells that give rise to keratinocytes

A

Stratum Basale

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37
Q

Where does the production of intermediate (keratin) filament begin?

A

Stratum Basale

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38
Q

Keratinocytes exhibit numerous cytoplasmic processes (“spines”)

A

Stratum Spinosum

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39
Q

In Stratum Spinosum Cell processes attached to those of adjacent cells via

A

Desmosomes

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40
Q

What occurs to stratum spinosum during histological prep?

A

Cells shrink, leaving expanded intercellular spaces between the spines

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41
Q

What contributes to the spiny/ prickly appearance in Stratum spinosum?

A

Cells shrinking during histological prep

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42
Q

What are intermediate filaments grouped into bundles called

A

tonofibrils

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43
Q

What is another word for intermediate filaments?

A

tonofilaments

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44
Q

What production begins in the stratum spinosum?

A

Production of keratohyalin granules and lamellar bodies

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45
Q

What do keratinocytes contain?

A

Keratohyalin granules

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46
Q

Intensely basophilic

A

Stratum Granulosum

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47
Q

Conversion of granular cells into cornified cells

A

Keratinization

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48
Q

Released within the stratum granulosum

A

Lamellar bodies

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49
Q
  • Basophilic
  • Tonofibrils
  • Keratinization
  • Lamellar bodies
A

Stratum Granulosum

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50
Q

Layer only found in thick skin

A

Stratum Lucidum

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51
Q

Thin translucent layer of eosinophilic cells

A

Stratum lucidum

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52
Q

Nucleus and cytoplasmic organelles becomes disrupted and disappear

A

Stratum Lucidum

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53
Q

Cells lose nuclei and cytoplasmic organelles

A

Stratum Corneum

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54
Q

Filled almost entirely (85%) with keratin

A

Stratum Corneum

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55
Q

Cells of this layer sloughed off at the surface

A

Statum Corneum

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56
Q

Cells are dead; represented only by flat membranous sacs filled with keratin: Glycolipids in extracellular space

A

Stratum Corneum

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57
Q

Cells are flattened; organelles deteriorating; cytoplasm full of lamellated granules (release lipids) and keratohyaline granules

A

Stratum Granulosum

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58
Q

Cells contain thick bundles of intermediate filaments made of pre-keratin

A

Stratum Spinosum

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59
Q

Cells are actively mitotic stem cells

-Some newly formed cells becomes part of the more superficial layers

A

Stratum Basale

60
Q

Produce & secrete the pigment melanin

A

Melanocytes

61
Q

Synthesized and stored in melanosomes

A

Melanin

62
Q

What type of cells are melanocytes?

A

Dendritic cells

63
Q

Rounded cell bodies in stratum basale

A

Melanocytes

64
Q

Where are long processes of melanocytes extended upward and between keratinocytes in

A

Stratum spinosum

65
Q

Where are melanin-containing melanosomes transferred into?

A

Adjacent keratinocytes

66
Q

Why does melanin accumulate over nuclei?

A

To protect DNA from UV radiation

67
Q

Possess elongated nuclei surrounded by clear cytoplasm

A

Melanocytes

68
Q

Where are antigen presenting cells typically found within?

A

Stratum Spinosum

69
Q

What are Langerhan’s cells derived from?

A

Bone marrow

70
Q

Encounter and process antigens entering through skin

A

Langerhan’s cells

71
Q

What do langerhan’s cells present processed antigen to within nearby lymph node?

A

T lymphocytes

72
Q

Mechanoreceptor cells associated with sensory nerve endings

A

Merkel’s cells

73
Q

Where are merkel’s cells located within?

A

Statum basale

74
Q

What does Merkel’s cells contain?

A

Neurosecretory granules

75
Q

Base of Merkel’s cells associate with expanded, plate-like terminal of afferent nerve fibers

A

Merkel’s Corpuscle

76
Q

What are the 3 major types of skin cancer

A
  • Basal cell carcinoma
  • Squamous cell carcinoma
  • Malignant melanoma
77
Q
  • Most common
  • Resembles cells of stratum basale
  • Slow-growing tumor
A

Basal cell Carcinoma

78
Q
  • Second most common

* Characterized by highly atypical cells at all levels of epidermis

A

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

79
Q
  • Most serious form
  • Originates from melanocytes
  • Presents as irregularly pigmented, multicolor lesion
A

Malignant Melanoma

80
Q

2 layers of the dermis

A
  • Papillary Layer

- Reticular layer

81
Q

What tissue is in the papillary layer?

A

Loose (areolar) Connective tissue

82
Q

Finger-like connective tissue protrusions

A

Dermal papillae

83
Q

Where do dermal papillae project into epidermis?

A

Epidermal-dermal junction

84
Q

What tissue is the reticular layer made of?

A

Dense Irregular Connective Tissue

85
Q

Which layer of the dermis is the thickest?

A

Reticular layer

86
Q

Which layer of the dermis has the most cells?

A

Papillary layer

87
Q

Large Ovoid structures

A

Pacinian Corposucles

88
Q

Where are Pacinian corpuscles found?

A

Dermis and Hypodermis

89
Q

Where are Pacinian corpuscles found?

A

Dermis and hypodermis

90
Q

Myelinated nerve ending surrounded by a capsule?

A

Pacinian Corpuscle

91
Q

What does the capsule of the Pacinian corpuscle consist of?

A

Concentric lamellae

92
Q

Series of tightly packed, flattened Schwann cell lamellae surrounding unmyelinated axon

A

Inner core of Pacinian Corpuscles

93
Q

What do Pacinian Corpuscles do?

A

Detect pressure and vibration

94
Q

Tapered, cylindrical structures

A

Meissner’s Corpuscles

95
Q

Where are Messner’s Corpuscles located?

A

Within dermal papillae of hairless skin

96
Q

What forms lamellae in Meissner’s Corpuscles

A

Flattened Schwann cells

97
Q

What follows spiral paths in Meissner’s Corpuscles?

A

Unmyelinated nerve endings

98
Q

What do Meissner’s Corpuscles do?

A

Detect light touch

99
Q

Derived from down-growths of epidermal epithelium during development?

A

Epidermal Skin Appendages

100
Q
  • Hair follicles and hair
  • Eccrine Sweat glands
  • Apocrine Sweat glands
  • Secaceous glands
A

Epidermal Skin Appendages

101
Q

Eccrine sweat glands

A

Sudoriferous

102
Q

Apocrine sweat glands

A

Sudoriferous

103
Q

Sebaceous glands

A

Oil

104
Q

Elongated filamentous, keratinized structures that project from hair follicles

A

Hair

105
Q

Responsible for the production and growth of a hair

A

Hair Follicle

106
Q

Where are hair follicles found?

A

Along the surface of most of the entire body, except thick skin

107
Q

Smooth muscle extending from connective tissue sheath surrounding hair follicle to papillary layer of dermis

A

Arrector Pili Muscle

108
Q

Causes hair to “stand on end” resulting in goosebumps”

A

Arrector Pili Muscle

109
Q
  • Role in insulation

- Sympathetic innervation

A

Arrector pili muscle

110
Q
  • Widely distributed
  • Simple coiled tubular gland
  • Merocrine secretion •Thermoregulatory
  • Excretes wastes and excess salts
A

Eccrine Sweat Gland

111
Q
  • Double layer of epithelial cells
  • Secretory cells are larger and appear lighter than the cells of the duct
  • Located deep in dermis or upper part of hypodermis
A

Secretory portion of Eccrine Sweat Glands

112
Q
  • Narrower outside diameter and lumen than secretory portion
  • Double layer of small cuboidal cells (i.e., stratified cuboidal epithelium)
  • Duct cells are smaller and appear darker than the cells of the secretory portion
  • Leads to epidermal surface
A

Duct portion of Eccrine Sweat Glands

113
Q

Where are Apocine sweat glands found?

A

Axillary and perineal regions of the body

114
Q
  • Viscous, protein rich sweat

- Product secreted into hair follicles

A

Apocrine Sweat Glands

115
Q

What type of secretion is Apocine Sweat glands

A

Merocrine secretion

116
Q

Gland shape in apocrine sweat glands

A

Coiled tubular glands with very wide lumens

117
Q

When do apocrine sweat glands become functional?

A

Puberty

118
Q

What leads to body odor?

A

The bacterial breakdown of sweat

119
Q

Where are the secretory portion of the eccrine sweat glands found?

A

In the deep dermin or upper part of the hypodermis

120
Q

What is the difference of secretory cells in the Eccrine sweat glands compared to the ducts

A

Secretory cells are larger and appear lighter

121
Q

Epithelium in the duct portion of Eccrine Sweat glands?

A

Stratified cuboidal

122
Q

Where does the duct portion of the Eccrine sweat glands lead to?

A

Epidermal surface

123
Q

Where is the secretory portion of the apocrine sweat glands found?

A

Upper part of the hypodermis or deep in dermis

124
Q

What epithelium is in the secretory portion of the Apocrine sweat glands?

A

Simple cuboidal

125
Q

What gland has the widest lumen?

A

Secretory portion of the Apocrine sweat gland

126
Q

What epithelium is in the apocrine duct portion

A

Stratified cuboidal epithelium (2-3 layers)

127
Q

Where does the duct portion of the apocrine sweat gland empty?

A

Follicle canal, not surface

128
Q

Throughout skin of most regions of the body, especially in skin of forehead, palms and soles

A

Eccrine Sweat Glands

129
Q

Skin of Axilla, groin, areolas, bearded regions of the face and labia minora

A

Appocrine Sweat Glands

130
Q

Secretory portion location of Eccrine

A

Mostly in deep dermis

131
Q

Secretory portion of Apocrine

A

Mostly in subcutaneous layer

132
Q

Termination of excretory duct in Eccrine

A

Surface of epidermis

133
Q

Termination of excretory duct in Apocrine

A

Hair follicle

134
Q

Secretion: Less viscous, consists of water, ions, urea, uric acid, ammonia, amino acids, glucose and lactic acid

A

Eccrine sweat glands

135
Q

Secretion: More viscous, consists of all the same components of eccrine plus lipids and proteins

A

Apocrine sweat glands

136
Q

Regulation of body temp and waste removal

A

Eccrine Sweat glands

137
Q

Stimulated during emotional stress and sexual excitement

A

Apocrine Sweat glands

138
Q

When is the onset of function of Eccrine Sweat glands?

A

Soon after birth

139
Q

When is the onset of function of Apocrine sweat glands?

A

Puberty

140
Q

Where are Sebaeous glands found?

A

Everywhere except thick skin

141
Q

Type of glands of Sebaceous glands?

A

Branch acinar

142
Q

Lipid-containing substance produced and secreted by gland

A

Sebum

143
Q

Where does sebaceous gland secrete?

A

Into hair follicle

144
Q

What type of secretion does Sebaceous glands do?

A

Holocrine

145
Q

Gland that is involved in acne development

A

Sebaceous Glands

146
Q

Plates of keratinized cells that rest on nail beds

A

Nails

Anatomy Unit 3- Sav (5 decks)

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