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A&P 231 > Integumentary system > Flashcards

Integumentary system Flashcards

1
Q

what is the difference between thick and thin skin.

A

Thick skin has 5 layers of epidermis (stratum lucidum)

Thin skin has hair, sweat and sebaceous glands, Thick skin has only sweat glands.

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2
Q

Functions of the skin (6)

A
  1. Resistance, protection
  2. Waterproofing and UV
  3. Vit D and calcitriol
  4. Sensation
  5. Thermoregulation
  6. Nonverbal communication
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3
Q

Name cells that are found in epidermis (5) and what layer they are in

A 
Stem cells (deepest layer)
Keratinocytes
Melanocytes (DNA + pigment) basal layer
Tactile (Merkel) cells (basal layer)
Dendritic (Langerhans) (spinosum and granulosum)
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4
Q

What 2 substances form in stratum granulosum

A 
Lamellar granules (glycolipid secretion -waterproofing)
keratohyalin granules
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5
Q

Name 4 +1 layers of epidermis

A 
Basale (germinotium)
spinosum
granulosum
(lucidum) 
corneum
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6
Q

clear protein found in stratum lucidum

A

eleidin

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7
Q

two structures that make the border between epidermis and dermis wavy

A

dermal papillae and epidermal ridges

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8
Q

2 layers of dermis

A 
papillary layer (thin, areolar, small blood vessels)
Reticular layer (dense irregular, less ground substance, glands and hair follicles)
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9
Q

Stretch marks

A

Striae (torn collagen)

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10
Q

what does hypodermis consist of

A

areolar and adipose tissues, highly vascular

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11
Q

5 sensory receptors in skin

A
  1. Tactile corpuscles (Meissner’s)
  2. Pacinian corpuscles (lamellated)
  3. Tactile (Merkel) discs
  4. Free nerve endings
  5. Tactile discs
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12
Q

Meissner’s Tactile corpuscles (location and function)

A

papillary layer of dermis (esp sensitive in hairless spaces)

light touch, texture

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13
Q

Pacinian (lamellated) corpuscles (location and function)

A

down by subcutaneous (esp hands, feet, breasts, genitals)

deep pressure receptor, stretch, tickle, vibration

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14
Q

Merkel’s (tactile) discs

A

merkel cells + associated nerve ending = merkel discs
basal layer of epidermis
light touch, texture, shapes and edges

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15
Q

free nerve ending (location and function)

A

skin and mucous membranes

warm, cold and pain receptors (nociceptor)

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16
Q

Tactile discs (location and function)

A

around hair follicle

light touch, hair movement

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17
Q

what affects skin color (3) and where they are found

A

Melanin (mostly basale + spinosum)

Hemoglobin (near blood vessels - in dermis)

Carotene (stratum corneum and subcutaneous fat)

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18
Q

2 forms of pigments of melanin

A

eumelanin - brownish black

pheomelanin - reddish yellow (sulfur-containing)

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19
Q

Blue skin appearance

A

Cyanosis

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20
Q

Redness of skin

A

erythema

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21
Q

pale ashen skin color

A

pallor

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22
Q

lack of melanin

A

albinism

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23
Q

yellowing of skin and whites of the eyes

A

Jaundice

24
Q

bruising

A

hematoma

25
Q

golden-brown color

A

Bronzing (Addison disease) Hormon deficiency of adrenal glands.

26
Q

Fingerprints

A

friction ridges

27
Q

creases

A

flexion lines

28
Q

Flat melanized patches

A

freckles

29
Q

Elevated patch of melanized skin, often with hair

A

Mole

30
Q

Birthmarks (3 kinds)

A

Skin discolored by benign tumors of the blood capillaries

  • capillary hemangioma
  • cavernous hemangioma
  • port-wine stain
31
Q

Pilus

A

hair

32
Q

3 types of hair

A
  1. Lanugo (fetal)
  2. Vellus (kids and women)
  3. Terminal hair (men and scalp, brows, lashes, groin, axillary)
33
Q

3 areas of hair along the length

A

shaft (above skin, dead)
root (inside the follicle, dead)
bulb (where hair originates, living)

34
Q

part of vasculary connective tissue that is source of nutrition of hair

A

dermal papilla

35
Q

hair growth center

A

hair matrix (mitotically active)

36
Q

3 areas of hair from inside out

A

medulla (+air)
cortex (most of the bulk) pigment is here
cuticle

37
Q

Follicle (location and 2 sheaths)

A

dermis and sometimes hypodermis

  • epithelium root sheath
  • connective tissue sheath
38
Q

hair muscle

A

piloerector muscle
aka pilomotor muscle
aka arrector pili

39
Q

3 stages of hair cycle

A

Anagen - growth (6-8 years), club hair might still be present
Catagen - degenerative stage (2-3 weeks), club hair is forming
Telogen - resting stage (1-3 month) papilla reaches the bulge

40
Q

Thinning of the hair

A

alopecia (disease, stress, ragiation, aging)

41
Q

excessive hairiness in areas that are not usually hairy

A

hirsutism

42
Q

nail “cuticle”

A

eponychium

43
Q

white area at the base of the nail

A

lunule

44
Q

other name for sweat glands

A

sudoriferous

45
Q

bad sweat odor

A

bromhidrosis

46
Q

Apocrine sweat glands

A
  • hormonal, (pheromones)
  • larger ducts lumens that merocrine
  • sweat is thicker and milkier (more fatty acids)
  • usually associated with hair
47
Q

Merocrine sweat glands

A
  • under neurologic control (cool off, waste, -acidity)
  • all over the body
  • secrete into pores, not hair
48
Q

2 types of merocrine perspiration

A
  • insensible perspiration

- diaphoresis

49
Q

Sebaceous glands (location, type of secretion)

A

associated with hair follicle

holocrine secretion

50
Q

Glands if external ear canal

A

Ceruminous

cerumen - earwax

51
Q

mammary glands

A

do not equal breasts
modified apocrine glands
rich secretion leads to nipple

52
Q

Burned, dead tissue

A

ESCHAR

53
Q

removal of toxins from eschar

A

debridement

54
Q

partial thickness burns

A

1st and 2nd degree, epidermis and part of dermis

55
Q

full thickness burns

A

3rh (4th if there is bone affected) + muscle

56
Q

Calcitriol

A

Endocrine function hormones synthesized by keratinocytes.
Affects of:
skeletal - absorption of calcium
endocrine - hormone secretion depends on calcitriol

57
Q

skin and immune system

A

dendritic cells alert immune system when pathogens breach the epidermal layer

A&P 231 (9 decks)

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