Integumentary System

Question 1

Physical assessment approach

Answer 1

Head to toe, anterior, posterior and lateral

Or by region as other systems are assessed

Question 2

Physical assessment techniques for integumentary system

Answer 2

Inspection and palpation

Question 3

Inspection of the skin should look at..

Answer 3

Color
Odor
Integrity
Any lesions

Question 4

Pallor

Answer 4

An unhealthy pale appearance

Question 5

Erythema

Answer 5

Flushed appearance, redness

Question 6

Pediculosis

Answer 6

Infection of the hair follicles

Question 7

Normal base angle of nails =

Answer 7

160 degrees

Question 8

Atrophic

Answer 8

Thinning

Question 9

+1 edema

Answer 9

Mild (2mm)

No perceptual swelling

Question 10

+2 edema

Answer 10

Moderate (4mm)

Indentation subsides quickly

Question 11

+3 edema

Answer 11

Severe (6mm)

Indentation remains for a short time, leg looks swollen

Question 12

+4 edema

Answer 12

Pitting (8 mm)

Indentation lasts for a long time

Question 13

Normal skin elasticity test =

Answer 13

Brisk turgor

Question 14

Occiput

Answer 14

Back of head

Question 15

Indurated

Answer 15

Elevated, defined borders (usually red)

Question 16

Granular

Answer 16

Little tiny bumps

Question 17

Erythematous

Answer 17

Red

Question 18

Pedunculation

Answer 18

Skin tags

Question 19

Exudate

Answer 19

Fluid

Question 20

Cellulitis

Answer 20

Infection of the skin

Question 21

Annular

Answer 21

Circular (freckle, mole, ulcer)

Question 22

Confluent

Answer 22

When things merge together and touch each other

Question 23

Discrete

Answer 23

Singular and separate from one another

Question 24

Gyrate

Answer 24

More of a coil or S-like pattern

Question 25

Grouped

Answer 25

Many lesions in one area (hives, freckles, burns)

Question 26

Linear

Answer 26

Follows one track (spider bites, burns, incisions)

Question 27

Target

Answer 27

Looks like a bulls-eye (usually bug bite, sometimes burn)

Question 28

Zosteriform

Answer 28

Relatively specific to shingles virus, follows neurological tract

Question 29

Two types of lesions

Answer 29

Primary & secondary

Question 30

Primary lesion

Answer 30

Initial alteration of the skin

Question 31

Secondary lesion

Answer 31

Arises from a change in primary lesion

Question 32

Macule

Answer 32

Solely a color change, flat and circumscribed, less than 1 cm

Question 33

Examples of macules

Answer 33

Freckles, flat nevi, petechiae

Question 34

Petechiae

Answer 34

Pinpoint, round spots that appear on the skin as a result of bleeding

Question 35

Nevi

Answer 35

Birthmark or mole

Question 36

Patch

Answer 36

Macules that are larger than 1 cm

Question 37

Examples of patches

Answer 37

Mongolian spot, vitiligo, cafe au lait spot

Question 38

Papule

Answer 38

Something you can feel (i.e, solid, elevated, circumscribed, less than 1 cm diameter) caused by superficial thickening in the epidermis

Question 39

Examples of papules

Answer 39

Elevated nevus, wart (nevus)

Question 40

Plaque

Answer 40

Papules coalesce to form surface elevation wider than 1 cm

Question 41

Polycyclic

Answer 41

Many of them in one small area

Question 42

Examples of plaque

Answer 42

Psoriasis

Question 43

Melanoma assessment

Answer 43

Asymetry Border Color Diameter

Question 44

Nodule characteristics

Answer 44

``` Elevated Firm Circumscribed lesion Deeper in dermis than papule >0.5cm in diameter ```

Question 45

Tumor

Answer 45

Elevated and solid lesion that may or may not be clearly demarcated deeper in the dermis Greater than 2 cm in diameter

Question 46

Wheal

Answer 46

Superficial, raised, transient and erythematous, slightly irregular shape due to edema (fluid held diffusely in the tissues)

Question 47

Wheal examples

Answer 47

Mosquito bite, allergic reaction, dermographism

Question 48

Dermographism

Answer 48

Where skin is under reaction, usually from drug

Question 49

Urticaria is AKA

Answer 49

hives

Question 50

Urticaria

Answer 50

Wheals coalesce to form extensive reaction, usually pruritic

Question 51

Vesicle

Answer 51

Elevated cavity containing free fluid, up to 1 cm; a "blister" Clear serum flows if wall is ruptured

Question 52

Examples of vesicles

Answer 52

Herpes simplex, early varicella (chickenpox), herpes zoster (shingles)

Question 53

Bulla

Answer 53

Larger than 1 cm diameter; usually single chambered (unilocular); superficial in epidermis; thin walled-ruptures easily

Question 54

Examples of bulla

Answer 54

Friction blister, burns, contact dermatitis

Question 55

Pustule

Answer 55

Elevated, superficial lesion similar to vesicle but filled with purulent fluid Circumscribed and elevated

Question 56

Pustule examples

Answer 56

Impetigo, acne

Question 57

Cyst

Answer 57

Elevated, circumscribed, encapsulated lesion in dermis or subcutaneous layer Filled with liquid or semisolid material