Integumentary System Flashcards
What are the layers of the epidermis?
1) Stratum Corneum- top layer, contains 20-30 layers of dead cells
2) Stratum Luicidum- found in palms of hands & soles of feet
3) Stratum Granulosum- keratinization, cells start to die
4) Stratum Spinusum- immune response
5) Stratum Basale- deepest layer of epidermal
What is the epidermis? Name the cells?
Superficial ( top) layer of skin. Keratinized stratified Squamos epithelium
1) keratinocytes- strengthens epidermis
2) melanocytes- stores & produces the pigment, melanin
3) tactile/ merkel cells- sensitive to touch, when compressed releases chemical stimulate sensory nerves
4) dendritic/ langerhans cells- immune response
What is dermis? What is it composed of?
1tissue, 3 fibers
Deep to the epidermis
Connective tissue, collagen, reticular, & elastic fibers.
How many layers in the dermis? Name them?
(2)
- Papillary
- Reticular
What is the papillary layer? What does the layer contain?
Papill= nipple) (superficial region of dermis
Made of aerolar connective tissue, collagen & elastic fibers.
Contains capillary loops, messiness corpuscles( light nerve detectors), epidermal ridges (fingerprints)
What is Reticular layer? What does it consist of?
Deeper major portion of dermis
Made of dense irregular connective tissue, collagen (strength), elastic (stretches), contains cleavage lines, sensory receptors, Pacninian/ Lamellar corpuscles( detect deep pressure)
What are 3 dermis abnormalities?
- striae/ dermal tearing w/ weight gain, AKA stretch marks
- blisters/ separation of dermis/ epidermis by a fluid filled pocket. Resulting from 2nd degree burn
- keloid/ abnormal proliferation of connective tissue during the healing process
What is the hyperdermis? What does it do? What is it composed of?
(Fats) subcutaneous layer deep to skin, composed of adipose & aerolar connective tissue, rapid absorption
Insulates, stores fat
What are the two types of sweat glands?
Found in the reticular layer of the dermis
Merocrine (Eccrine) Sweat glands/ widely distributed in adults, secreted on skin by exocytosis. Regulate body temp..
Apocrine sweat glands/ release their secretions around hair follicles in the axillary and pubic region. Secretions are vicious and cloudy, contains proteins & lipids
What are sebaceous glands?
Oil that is discharged into hair follicles & hair
What are the 3 parts of the hair?
Hair bulb/ expanded deep
Hair matrix/ actively divides where hair grows
Arrector Pili/ smooth muscle attaches to follicle, responsible for goosebumps
What are functions of hair? Name 3 disorders.
-warns when insects are on cells, physical trauma, heat loss, sunlight
- hirsutism/ excess hair
- alopecia/ thining hair
- true baldness/ genetic/ x linked
Name 3 disorders of sebaceous glands?
Name 2 types of tissue repairs?
- white head/ gland blocked
- blackhead/ oxidized & dries
- acne/ active inflammation caused by staphylococcus
Regenerative/ repaired with SAME tissue
Fibrosis/ fibrous connective tissue, scar tissue
What is cancer? Name diff types of skin cancer?
Cells multiply excessively, mutations
- basal cell carcinoma( most common, malignant)- stratum Basale cells proliferate invade dermis & hypodermis.
- Squamos cell carcinoma (2nd most common) involves keratinocytes found on scalp, ears, lower lip, hands
- melanoma ( most dangerous) involves melanocytes, resistant to chemo, treated with surgical incision, immunotherapy
Characteristics of Melanoma:
- Asymmetry(2 sides of pigmented area don’t match)
- Border exhibits indentations
- Color is brown, black, tan, sometimes blue
- Diameter is larger than 6 mm
