Chapter 2 Atoms, Ions, Molecules Flashcards
What are the forms of matter?
- Solid ( bone)
- Liquid (blood)
- Gas ( Oxygen/ Carbon Dioxide)
Matter
Has mass, composed of atoms
Atom ( smallest particle, make up everyday objects)
Building blocks of matter
Name the subatomic particles?
- protons (+)
- neutrons (no charge)
- electrons (-)
Atomic mass unit (AMU)
Mass of an atom
Isotope
2 or more atoms of the same element have same # of protons but diff. # of neurons
Radioisotope
Unstable, excess # of neurons
Electron shell
Valence shell
- surround nucleus of shell
- outermost energy level
Octet rule
Elements gain or lose electrons to keep their outer shell ( valence electron) full
What is an inert element?
When the valence energy shell (outer shell) is full, they do not want to give, receive or share their electrons
Ions Ionic Bond (Opposites attract)
Compound
Covalent bond
Atoms with charge
Attraction between 2 oppositely charged ions
Composed of 2 or more elements
Sharing of electrons
Cation
Anions
Positive charge, Lose an electron
Negative charge, Gain an electron
Molecule (a lot of ????)
Molecular compound (combined)
2 or more atoms joined by a chemical bond
Composed of two or more different elements
Molecular formula
Structural formula (made of)
Isomers (same but different)
Chemical constituents of a molecule
Shows # & types of atoms, also their arrangement in a molecule
Molecules with same #, & kind of elements, arranged differently
Single Covalent Bond
Double Covalent Bond
Triple Covalent
One pair of electron shared between 2 atoms
Sharing of 2 pairs of electrons between 2 atoms
3 pairs of electrons shared between atoms
Nonpolar covalent bond (equal)
Polar covalent bond (unequal)
Amphipathic Molecules (both)
Share electrons equally (charged atom)
Unequal sharing of electrons by atoms (positive atom, negative atom)
Molecules that Contain polar & non polar components
Intermolecular attractions
Hydrogen bond (polar molecules)
Electronegativity
Weak chemical attractions to other molecules
Weak attraction between partially (+) &partially (-) hydrogen atom in a molecule
Ability to attract
What are properties of water? (5)
1) high heat capacity- takes a lot of heat to raise temp.
2) high heat vaporization- a lot of heat is needed to break something down
3) polar solvent properties/ universal solvent- many things can be dissolved in water
4) reactivity- necessary part of hydrolysis & dehydration synthesis
5) cushioning- resilient cushion around certain body organs
Electrolytes
(Ex: salts, acids, bases
Dissolve & dissociate in water
Neutralization Reaction
solution is acidic or basic and returned to neutral (ph7)
Buffer, describe the action.
Example or weak acid/ base
- single or group of substances that help prevent ph changes
- Release hydrogen ions if Ph rises, bind or accept hydrogen ions if ph falls
-Carbonic (weak acid)
-Bicarbonate (weak base)
Present in blood & serve as buffers to keep pH normal
Mixture
2 or more components physically mixed ( not chemically bonded)
Ex, sugar & water
Examples of mixtures:
1) suspensions- heterogenous mixed, worst mixed, so lutes will separate
2) colloids-heterogeneous mixture, solutes will not settle out, appears milky
3) solutions- homogeneous mixture, best mixed, can’t see different parts
Emulsion (forced)
Combo of water & non polar (fats) liquid forcibly mixed
