Chapter 3 Energy, Chemical Reactions, & Ceullar Respiration

Question 0

Forms of energy (5)

Answer 0

Chemical Energy ( Form of potential) stored in bonds of chemical substance
Electrical (kinetic) Energy- movement of charged particles 
Mechanical (kinetic) Energy- moving matter( found in muscles)
Sound Energy (Kinectic)- vibrations ( ear n vocal cords)
Radiant Energy (kinetic)/ electromagnetic- travel in waves

Question 1

Energy

What are the states of energy?

Answer 1

Capacity to do work, moves matter

• Potential ( ability to do work)
• kinetic ( active, doing the work)

Question 2

Chemical Reactions

Metabolism

Answer 2

Chemical bonds are formed, rearranged, or broken

All chemical reactions in body

Question 3

Synthesis Reaction

Decomposition Reaction

Exchange/ displacement Reactions

Answer 3

Bond formation

Breaking bonds

Break bonds before making another one

Question 4

Oxidation reduction Reactions

Oil Rig

Answer 4

Electrons are exchanged between reactants

Oxidation/ loss of an electron
Reduction/ gain an electron

Question 5

Exergonic Reaction

Endergonic Reaction

Canabolic

Anabolic

Answer 5

Releases energy

Stores energy

Breakdown of large molecule into a smaller molecule

Form large molecule from 2 smaller molecules

Question 6

Factors that influence rate of chemical reaction? (4)

Answer 6

1: temperature
2: concentration & pressure
3: physical state
4: catalyst

Question 7

Anabolism

Catabolism

Answer 7

To make

Break down

Question 8

What does the 1st & 2nd law of thermodynamics state?

Answer 8

1st- energy cannot be created or destroyed, it can be transferred

2nd- energy is converted into heat, when it’s transferred from one to another

Question 9

Inhibitors

Phosphorylation

Dephosphorylation

Answer 9

Binds to enzymes & turns it off, preventing it from catalyzing reaction

Add to a phosphate group, turns proteins on and off alters their function

Remove of a phosphate group by hydrolysis

Question 10

Formula of cellular respiration.

What’s the purpose of it?

Answer 10

C6H12O6 + 6CO2 —–> 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy

Makes CO2, water & energy
Breaks down food (glucose) to release ATP.

Question 11

Steps of cellular respiration.

Answer 11

• glycolysis
• intermediate “prep step”
• krebs ( citric ) cycle
• electron transport system

Question 12

Glycolysis

Intermediate stage “prep step”

Answer 12

(Anaerobic)Takes 6 carbon sugar (glucose) breaks it down to 2/ 3 carbon molecule called pyruvate, happens in cytosol/ cytoplasm.
Produces- 2 pyruvate, 2 NADH, 2 ATP

(Aerobic) link between glycolysis & Krebs cycle
Occurs in mitochondrion.
Produces- 2 acetyl CoA, 2 NADH,2 co2

Question 13

Krebs cycle

Electron transport system

Answer 13

(Aerobic)metabolic process occurs in mitochondria
Produces- 2 acetyl CoA, 4 CO2, 6NADH, 2 FADH2, 2 ATP

Transfer of electrons (energy) from coenzymes NADH & FADH2
Produces- 34 ATP

Question 14

Anaerobic

Aerobic

Answer 14

No oxygen (glycolysis)

Oxygen ( intermiediate, Krebs cycle, electron transport system)

Question 15

Competitive inhibitor

Non competitive inhibitor (allosteric inhibitors)

Answer 15

Resembles substrate and binds to active site so substrate cannot bind

Do not resemble substrate, binds to another site so substrate cannot bind