Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

VETA 65 LEC 2nd Exam > Integumentary system > Flashcards

Integumentary system Flashcards

1
Q

Largest organ
External covering of the body
Continuous with the mucous membranes at points of transitions (_____ _____)

A

SKIN
mucocutaneous junctions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

mucocutaneous junctions of the digestive system (2)

A

lips, anus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

mucocutaneous junctions of the respiratory system

A

nose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

mucocutaneous junctions of the Urogenital system

A

external orifices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

mucocutaneous junctions that is continuous with the conjunctiva

A

Eyelid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

FUNCTIONS OF THE SKIN (5)

A
  1. Protective
  2. Sensory
  3. Thermoregulatory
  4. Metabolic
  5. Sexual signaling
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

2 main layers of the skin

A

 Epidermis
 Dermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Epidermis and dermis interdigitate with each
other by the formation of: (2)

A

 Epidermal ridges
 Dermal papillae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

2 classifications of skin

A

 Thick skin - sole and palm
 Thin skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Layers of the epidermis of thick skin (5)

A

Stratum corneum
Stratum lucidum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum spinosum
Stratum basale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

 Cornified cell layer
 Most superficial layer
 Composed of several layers of dead, flattened _______ (squames)

A

Stratum corneum (thick skin)
keratinocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

 Clear cell layer
 Poorly stained keratinocytes filled with _____ and ______

A

Stratum lucidum (thick skin)
keratin
eleidin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Granular cell layer
 Polygonal-shaped nucleated keratinocytes with coarse, basophilic keratohyalin granules in the cytoplasm

A

Stratum granulosum (thick skin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

 Prickle cell layer
 Thickest layer of the epidermis
 Composed of mitotically active and maturing polygonal keratinocytes (____ ____) that interdigitate with one another by forming intercellular bridges

A

Stratum spinosum (thick skin)
prickle cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

 Stratum germinativum
 Deepest layer of the epidermis
 Single layer of mitotically active, cuboidal to low columnar cells containing basophilic cytoplasm and a large nucleus

A

Stratum basale (thick skin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What makes up the Malpighian layer?

A

Stratum spinosum + Stratum basale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Only about 5 layers of squames

A

Stratum corneum (thin skin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what layer of the epidermis is combined in think skin?

A

Stratum lucidum, Stratum granulosum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Same as in thick skin but layers are reduced

A

Stratum spinosum (thin skin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

stratum basale of thin skin is the same as thick skin: true or false

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

DISTINCT CELLS IN THE EPIDERMIS (4)

A

Keratinocytes
Melanocytes
Langerhans cells
Merkel cells (Tactile epithelioid cells)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

 Most predominant
 Their morphology that is responsible for the
characteristics of the five layers
 Vary in size and shape and differentiate as they migrate upward to form keratin

A

Keratinocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

 Derived from neural crest cells
 Produce melanin
 Found in stratum basale

A

Melanocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

 Intraepidermal macrophages
 Derived from bone marrow
 Function as antigen-presenting cells in immune responses
 Found in stratum spinosum

A

Langerhans cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

 Probably derived from neural crest
 Function as mechanoreceptors
 Found in stratum basale

A

Merkel cells (Tactile epithelioid cells)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

structure that is Beneath the epidermis

A

DERMIS or corium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

2 layers of dermis

A

Papillary layer
Reticular layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Loose connective tissue
 Interdigitates with the epidermis

A

Papillary layer of dermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

 Irregular DWFCT
 Main and deeper part
 Also contains epidermally derived structures, including sweat glands,
hair follicles, and sebaceous glands

A

Reticular layer of dermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

sensory receptors that can be found in reticular layer of dermis (3)

A

Pacinian corpuscle
Ruffini’s corpuscles
Krause’s end bulbs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Perceive pressure and vibration

A

Pacinian corpuscle of dermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

 Reacts to tension placed on skin

A

 Ruffini’s corpuscles of dermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Believed to function as mechanoreceptors

A

Krause’s end bulbs of dermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Beneath the dermis
Anchors the dermis to the underlying muscle or bone
Loose connective tissue
With adipose cells

A

HYPODERMIS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

 May form adipose cells:
 Small clusters
 Large masses (cushion or pad of fat)
 Panniculus adiposus

A

HYPODERMIS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

ASSOCIATED STRUCTURES IN THE SKIN

A

Hair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

 Covers the body
 Flexible, keratinized structure produced by a hair follicle

A

Hair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

PARTS OF THE HAIR (8)

A

Hair bulb
External root sheath
Internal root sheath
Glassy membrane
Dermal root sheath
Cuticle
Cortex
Medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Hair bulb is made up of

A

 Hair root
 Dermal papilla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

expanded terminus

A

Hair root

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

vascularized connective tissue
core

A

Dermal papilla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Downgrowth of epidermis; several
layers

A

External root sheath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Internal root sheath 3 layers

A

 Henle’s layer (outer): single row of
cuboidal cells
 Huxley’s layer
 Cuticle of internal root sheath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Non-cellular hyaline layer
 Separates the dermis from the
epithelium of the hair follicle

A

Glassy membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

 Composed of collagen and elastic fibers
richly supplied by blood vessels and
nerves

A

Dermal root sheath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

 Thin layer of heavily keratinized,
squamous cells
 Covering the cortex

A

Cuticle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

 Heavily keratinized, densely packed
cells
 Surrounds the medulla

A

Cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

 Have large, vacuolated, and
moderately keratinized cells
 Forms the center

A

Medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

HAIR FOLLICLE CYCLE
the growth phase

A

Anagen

50
Q

HAIR FOLLICLE CYCLE
the transition phase

A

Catagen

51
Q

HAIR FOLLICLE CYCLE
the rest phase

A

Telogen

52
Q

TYPES OF HAIR FOLLICLES

A

Primary hair follicle
Secondary hair follicle
Single / simple follicle
Compound follicles

53
Q

 Has a large diameter, is rooted deep in the dermis
 Usually associated with sebaceous and sweat glands
 Hair that emerges is called a primary hair (guard hair)

A

Primary hair follicle

54
Q

 Smaller in diameter than a primary follicle, and the root is nearer the surface
 May have a sebaceous gland
Lacks a sweat gland and an arrector pili muscle
 Hairs from these follicles are secondary hair (underhairs)

A

Secondary hair follicle

55
Q

 Follicles with only one hair emerging to the surface

A

Single / simple follicle

56
Q

 Composed of clusters of several hair follicles located in the dermis
 Usually have one primary hair follicle and several secondary hair follicles

A

Compound follicles

57
Q

these species Have single hair follicles that are distributed evenly (2)

A

Horses and cattle

58
Q

 these species Have single follicles grouped in clusters of two to four follicles
 Clusters of three are most common in young pigs

A

Pigs

59
Q

 these species Compound follicles
 Single large primary hair and a group of smaller secondary underhairs

A

Dogs

60
Q

 these species Hair-growing regions: face, the distal part of the limbs, and the pinna of the ear
Wool-growing regions: cover most of the body

A

Sheep

61
Q

Highly specialized for tactile sense
Very large single follicles characterized by a blood-filled sinus between the inner and
outer layers of the dermal root sheath

A

SINUS OR TACTILE HAIR FOLLICLES OF THE HEAD

62
Q

SINUS OR TACTILE HAIR FOLLICLES OF THE HEAD is divided into

A

 Upper annular sinus
Lower cavernous sinus

63
Q

Non-trabecular (not separated by CT)

A

Upper annular sinus

64
Q

Trabecular (separated by CT

A

Lower cavernous sinus

65
Q

SINUS OR TACTILE HAIR FOLLICLES OF THE HEAD
Annular sinus is traversed by fibroelastic trabeculae throughout its length (species)

A

Horses and ruminants

66
Q

SINUS OR TACTILE HAIR FOLLICLES OF THE HEAD
 In the upper portion of the sinus hair follicles, the inner layer of the dermal root sheath thickens, forming a _____ _____
 This pad is surrounded by an annular sinus free of trabeculae
(species)

A

Pigs and carnivores
sinus pad

67
Q

GLANDS OF THE SKIN

A

Sebaceous gland
Sweat gland
Apocrine sweat gland
Merocrine sweat gland

68
Q

 Secretes sebum into the hair follicle
 Most frequently associated with hair follicles
 Their ducts empty to form the pilosebaceous canal of the hair follicle

A

Sebaceous gland

69
Q

mixture of lipids and disintegrated cells

A

Sebum

70
Q

sebaceous glans is absent in the skin of the nose in ________ and other hairless skin. give examples (4)

A

carnivores
footpad, hoof, claw
and horns

71
Q

Sebaceous glands empty directly onto the skin surface through a duct lined with
stratified squamous epithelium
 e.g. anal canal, teat of horses, internal layer of the prepuce of some species
TRUE OR FALSE

A

TRUE

72
Q

 Opens on the skin surface through an excretory duct
 Secrete slightly alkaline watery substance (serves as a cooling mechanism)
Absent in birds

A

Sweat gland

73
Q

Sweat gland 2 types

A

 Apocrine
 Merocrine (eccrine)

74
Q

 Simple coiled tubular glands
 Duct penetrates the epidermis of the hair follicle just before it opens onto the surface
of the skin
Located throughout most of the skin

A

Apocrine sweat gland

75
Q

abundant secretion and produce visible sweat during exercise and high
temperature. what type of skin gland is associated here and which species?

A

Horses
Apocrine sweat gland

76
Q

secretion of apocrine sweat glands is scant and rarely perceptible

A

Other species

77
Q

these species have the least active apocrine sweat glands

A

Goats and cats

78
Q

Simple tubular glands that open directly onto the skin surface rather than into hair
follicles

A

Merocrine sweat gland

79
Q

merocrine sweat glans is present in which organ of cats and dogs

A

foot pads

80
Q

Merocrine sweat gland is present in which organ of the horse

A

frog of hoof

81
Q

Merocrine sweat gland is present in which organ of the pig/swine

A

planum rostrale
carpal glands

82
Q

Merocrine sweat gland is present in which organ of bovine

A

planum nasolabiale

83
Q

GLANDS OF THE MAMMALIAN SKIN
Special skin glands - divided into two:

A

 a. Glands of the anal region
 b. Mammary glands

84
Q

Modified sweat gland
Differ in structure depending on state

A

MAMMARY GLAND

85
Q

Contracts in response to cold, fear, anger
Moves the hair to a more vertical position
Resulting in:
 Erection of the hair

A

ARRECTOR PILI MUSCLES

86
Q

Connects to:
 Connective tissue sheath of hair follicle
 Papillary layer of the dermis

A

ARRECTOR PILI MUSCLES

87
Q

STRUCTURES DERIVED FROM THE SKIN
(4)

A

Hoof
Claw
Nails
Horns

88
Q

Keratinized portion of the equine hoof is composed of three main parts

A

EQUINE HOOF

89
Q

3 main parts of equine hoof

A

Wall (paries)
Sole (solea)
Frog (cuneus ungulae)

90
Q

 Visible portion when the foot is placed on the ground

A

Wall (paries) of equine hoof

91
Q

Forms the greatest part of the ventral surface of the foot

A

Sole (solea) of equine hoof

92
Q

Wedge-shaped structure that projects into the sole

A

Frog (cuneus ungulae) of equine hoof

92
Q

parts of the wall of equine hoof

A

 Stratum externum (tectorium)
 Stratum medium
 Stratum internum (lamellatum)

93
Q

 Smooth, shiny surface part of wall of equine hoof

A

Stratum externum (tectorium)

94
Q

Thickest; tubular and intertubular horns of the wall of equine hoof

A

Stratum medium

95
Q

Innermost; primary and secondary epidermal
laminae of the wall of equine hoof

A

Stratum internum (lamellatum)

96
Q

 Epidermis of the sole produces tubular and intertubular horn
 Corium (dermis) of the sole bears long papillae
 Epidermal covering gives rise to the tubular horn of the sole

A

Sole

97
Q

*Interdigitation between the nonpigmented wall laminae with the pigmented tubular
and intertubular horn of the sole is referred to as the _____ _____

A

white line

98
Q

 Epidermis of the frog produces tubular and intertubular horn
 Softer than that of the wall and sole
 Corium (dermis) of the frog forms small short papillae
 (+) Merocrine sweat glands in the part that overlies the central sulcus of the frog

A

Frog

99
Q

Pododerm / Corium = ??? of equine hoof

A

dermis

100
Q

 S. internum and corresponding laminar corium does not have secondary laminae in the hoof of these species

A

Ruminant and swine

101
Q

frog is absent in these species of ungulates

A

Ruminant and swine

102
Q

 The frog is absent in ruminant and swine; instead:
 (+) ____ ____ _____ ____ ____ – present at the ventral surface of the hoof; continuous with
the skin

A

bulb of soft thin horn

103
Q

In dogs and cats
Specialized structures continuous with the epidermis and dermis of the skin of the foot
Have shields of hard keratin
(+) wall and sole

A

CLAWS

104
Q

Coverings of the cornual processes of the frontal bone of the skull
Consist of a hard keratinized epidermis, a dermis, and a hypodermis

A

HORNS OF RUMINANTS

105
Q

SPECIALIZED SKIN REGIONS (4)

A
  1. Footpad
  2. Scrotum
  3. Nose
  4. External auditory meatus
106
Q

 Present only in carnivores
 Highly cornified, thickened, highly pigmented and hairless portion of the skin
 Digital cushion (primarily adipose tissue) in hypodermis
 Adapted for locomotion; resists abrasion; effective shock absorber
 Dogs: ______
 Cats: _______

A

Footpad
papillated
smooth

107
Q

 Generally thinner than skin on other parts of the body
 Characterized by a thin S. corneum and dermis
Less hair follicles
 Hairs are short and fine

A

Scrotum

108
Q

Nose of carnivores

A

: (-) sebaceous glands

109
Q

(-) hairs but contain glands that moisten the surface

A

nose of ruminants

110
Q

Similar to that in ruminants except (+) fine hairs

A

pig nose

111
Q

the skin of the nose is _____ _____ or ______

A

highly cornified
keratinized

112
Q

thin, (+) hairs, sebaceous glands

A

horse nose

113
Q

 Small hair follicles
 Sebaceous glands and modified apocrine glands called _____ _____

A

External auditory meatus
ceruminous gland

114
Q

 _____ (ear wax) is made up of (3)

A

Cerumen
sebum + ceruminous secretions + desquamated epithelial cells

115
Q

Lacks sweat and sebaceous glands (except for two structures)
 Entire skin acts as a sebaceous secretory organ

A

AVIAN INTEGUMENT

116
Q

 Generally thin in areas covered by feathers
 Thick in bare areas
 Epidermal cells include both lipogenesis and keratinization in their differentiation
 ‘‘_________’’
Feathers: provide mechanical protection

A

Avian epidermis
sebokeratinocytes

117
Q

Epidermis layers of avian (4)

A

 Stratum corneum
 Stratum transitivum (= s. granulosum w/o keratohyaline)
 Stratum intermedium (= s. spinosum)
 Stratum basale

118
Q

 Thicker than the epidermis in most areas
 Poorly defined papillary layer

A

avian dermis

119
Q

Avian dermis is divided into (3)

A

 Stratum superficiale
 Stratum profundum
- Stratum compactum
- Stratum laxum
Lamina elastica

120
Q

 Specialized sebaceous gland
 Oily secretion help in preening, waterproofing
 Produces a sebaceous material containing vitamin D precursors
Well-developed in: aquatic birds
Absent in: many pigeons and parrot species

A

Uropygial Gland (preen gland)

VETA 65 LEC 2nd Exam (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions