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Anatomy > Integumentary System > Flashcards

Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 layers of skin?

A

Epidermis, dermis, hypodermis (subcutaneous tissue)

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2
Q

What are the accessory structures of the skin?

A

Skin appendages: hair, nail, sweat glands, sebaceous & mammary glands

Sensory receptors
Nerves
Blood vessels
Lymphatic vessels

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3
Q

Differences between thick skin and thin skin?

A

Thick skin
- Found on palms, soles, fingers & toes.
- Has sweat glands, but no hair, nor sebaceous glands

Thin skin:
- Covers the rest of the body
- Has hair follicles, sebaceous & sweat glands

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4
Q

Type of epithelium found in epidermis?

A

Keratinised stratified squamous epithelium

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5
Q

Is the epidermis vascular or avascular?
How does it received nutrients?

A

Avascular. Receives nutrients from the dermis.

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6
Q

Types of epithelial cells in epidermis?

A

Keratinocytes, melanocytes, basal cells

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7
Q

Stratas found in thick skin

A

Stratum Corneum, Stratum Lucidum, Stratum Granulosum, Stratum Spinosum, Stratum Germinativum

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8
Q

Stratas found in thin skin

A

Stratum Corneum, Stratum Granulosum, Stratum Spinosum, Stratum Germinativum

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9
Q

Dermis consists of?

A

Connective tissue, blood vessels, nerves and epidermal derivatives

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10
Q

Layers found in the Dermis?

A

Papillary layer
Reticular layer

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11
Q

Characteristic of the papillary layer of the dermis

A

Dermal papillae interdigitating with epidermal ridges.
Shapes of epidermal ridges on fingertips determine fingerprints

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12
Q

Special structures found in dermis of thin skin?

A

Hair follicle, Arrector pili, Sebaceous gland, Sweat gland, Mammary gland, Ceruminous gland

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13
Q

Special structures found in dermis of thick skin?

A

Sweat glands, Mammary glands, Ceruminous gland

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14
Q

Function of the subcutaneous tissue

A
  • Anchors dermis to deeper structures
  • Contains adipose tissue for protection and cushion
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15
Q

Sweat glands are also known as

A

Sudoriferous glands

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16
Q

Types of sweat glands

A

Eccrine sweat gland
Apocrine sweat gland

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17
Q

Eccrine sweat gland is also known as

A

Merocrine sweat gland

18
Q

Location of eccrine sweat glands

A

Found in most part of body skin

19
Q

Movement of sweat produced by eccrine sweat gland

A

Sweat moves to skin surface

20
Q

What are the components of sweat produced by merocrine sweat glands

A

Salt, water and waste

21
Q

Function of sweat

A

To cool the body

22
Q

Location of Apocrine sweat glands

A

Axilla, Areola & nipples of the breast, eyelids, external auditory meatus, wings of the nostrils and some part of external genitalia

23
Q

Which is the larger sweat gland?

A

Apocrine

24
Q

Apocrine sweat gland is associated with

A

hair follicles

25
Q

Characteristics and components of sweat produced by apocrine sweat glands

A

Viscous secretion, made of fatty acid and protein
Odorous when broken down by bacteria

26
Q

Location of sebaceous glands

A

Associated with hair follicles
Found on the surface at lips and glans penis

27
Q

What do sebaceous glands produce

A

Sebum

28
Q

What does sebum contain

A

Lipid, cholesterol, proteins and salt

29
Q

When does secretion of sebum increase?

A

During puberty

30
Q

Functions of sebum

A

Keeps hair from drying
Inhibits bacteria
Prevents excessive water evaporation from skin

31
Q

Acne forms due to

A

Infected blackheads

32
Q

Blackheads are formed when..

A

Sebaceous glands are full of dried sebum and keratin

33
Q

Formation of sebaceous cysts occurs when?

A

The sebaceous gland stays blocked

34
Q

Hair comprises of?

A

Keratin

35
Q

Do hair follicles exist on thick skin?

A

No

36
Q

Location of hair

A

Found on most part of the body surface

37
Q

Hair grows from the

A

Hair follicle

38
Q

Hair colour is due to

A

melanin produced by melanocytes

39
Q

Blond and red hair contains?

A

iron and sulfur

40
Q

Warts are caused by infection by?

A

Human papillomavirus

41
Q

How does HPV spread?

A

From person to person by direct/indirect contact

42
Q

Early HPV vaccination may prevent HPV-attributable cancers by?

A

> 90%

Anatomy (4 decks)

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