Integumentary System Flashcards
What are the 3 layers of skin?
Epidermis, dermis, hypodermis (subcutaneous tissue)
What are the accessory structures of the skin?
Skin appendages: hair, nail, sweat glands, sebaceous & mammary glands
Sensory receptors
Nerves
Blood vessels
Lymphatic vessels
Differences between thick skin and thin skin?
Thick skin
- Found on palms, soles, fingers & toes.
- Has sweat glands, but no hair, nor sebaceous glands
Thin skin:
- Covers the rest of the body
- Has hair follicles, sebaceous & sweat glands
Type of epithelium found in epidermis?
Keratinised stratified squamous epithelium
Is the epidermis vascular or avascular?
How does it received nutrients?
Avascular. Receives nutrients from the dermis.
Types of epithelial cells in epidermis?
Keratinocytes, melanocytes, basal cells
Stratas found in thick skin
Stratum Corneum, Stratum Lucidum, Stratum Granulosum, Stratum Spinosum, Stratum Germinativum
Stratas found in thin skin
Stratum Corneum, Stratum Granulosum, Stratum Spinosum, Stratum Germinativum
Dermis consists of?
Connective tissue, blood vessels, nerves and epidermal derivatives
Layers found in the Dermis?
Papillary layer
Reticular layer
Characteristic of the papillary layer of the dermis
Dermal papillae interdigitating with epidermal ridges.
Shapes of epidermal ridges on fingertips determine fingerprints
Special structures found in dermis of thin skin?
Hair follicle, Arrector pili, Sebaceous gland, Sweat gland, Mammary gland, Ceruminous gland
Special structures found in dermis of thick skin?
Sweat glands, Mammary glands, Ceruminous gland
Function of the subcutaneous tissue
- Anchors dermis to deeper structures
- Contains adipose tissue for protection and cushion
Sweat glands are also known as
Sudoriferous glands
Types of sweat glands
Eccrine sweat gland
Apocrine sweat gland
Eccrine sweat gland is also known as
Merocrine sweat gland
Location of eccrine sweat glands
Found in most part of body skin
Movement of sweat produced by eccrine sweat gland
Sweat moves to skin surface
What are the components of sweat produced by merocrine sweat glands
Salt, water and waste
Function of sweat
To cool the body
Location of Apocrine sweat glands
Axilla, Areola & nipples of the breast, eyelids, external auditory meatus, wings of the nostrils and some part of external genitalia
Which is the larger sweat gland?
Apocrine
Apocrine sweat gland is associated with
hair follicles
Characteristics and components of sweat produced by apocrine sweat glands
Viscous secretion, made of fatty acid and protein
Odorous when broken down by bacteria
Location of sebaceous glands
Associated with hair follicles
Found on the surface at lips and glans penis
What do sebaceous glands produce
Sebum
What does sebum contain
Lipid, cholesterol, proteins and salt
When does secretion of sebum increase?
During puberty
Functions of sebum
Keeps hair from drying
Inhibits bacteria
Prevents excessive water evaporation from skin
Acne forms due to
Infected blackheads
Blackheads are formed when..
Sebaceous glands are full of dried sebum and keratin
Formation of sebaceous cysts occurs when?
The sebaceous gland stays blocked
Hair comprises of?
Keratin
Do hair follicles exist on thick skin?
No
Location of hair
Found on most part of the body surface
Hair grows from the
Hair follicle
Hair colour is due to
melanin produced by melanocytes
Blond and red hair contains?
iron and sulfur
Warts are caused by infection by?
Human papillomavirus
How does HPV spread?
From person to person by direct/indirect contact
Early HPV vaccination may prevent HPV-attributable cancers by?
> 90%
