Blood vessels Flashcards
Types of blood vessels?
Artery, vein, capillary
Important arteries in the body
Ascending aorta
Descending aorta
Arch of aorta
Brachiocephalic trunk artery
Brachial artery
Radial artery
Subclavian a.
Common carotid a.
Renal a.
Common iliac a.
Femoral artery
Important veins in the body
Brachiocephalic vein
Brachial v
External jugular vein
Subclavian v.
Common iliac v.
Femoral v.
Great saphenous v.
Superior vena cava
Inferior vena cava
Vessels of the pulmonary circulation
Pulmonary Trunk
Left pulmonary artery
Right pulmonary artery
Right superior pulmonary vein
Left superior pulmonary vein
Right inferior pulmonary vein
Left inferior pulmonary vein
Pulmonary artery carries?
Direction of blood from _ to _
Pulmonary arteries carries deoxygenated blood.
Flows from the heart to the lungs
Arteries in the head and neck region
Superfiscial temporal a.
Facial a.
Internal Carotid a.
External Carotid a.
Common Carotid a.
Brachiocephalic trunk
Veins in the head and neck region
External jugular vein
Internal jugular vein
Right brachiocephalic
Left brachiocephalic
Superior vena cava
Where is the Radial Artery?
Near the radius of your arm, next to Flexor carpi radialis tendon
Where is the Brachial artery
beneath Biceps brachii tendon
Where is the Femoral artery?
Found near the femur bone
What is the artery near the tibia bone?
Anterior tibial a.
What is the artery near the metatarsal bones?
Dorsalis pedis a.
Important subcutaneous veins in the upper and lower limbs?
Upper limbs:
Cephalic v.
Basilic v.
Median cubital v.
Lower limbs:
Small saphenous v.
Great saphenous v.
3 main types of arteries
Elastic aa
Muscular aa.
Arterioles
Features of elastic aa.
Conduct blood to other arteries
Keep blood flow continuous during heart diastole
Rich elastic, collagenous fibres and smooth muscle in tunica media
Examples of elastic aa.
Aorta and its branches
Features of muscular aa.
Mainly smooth fibres in tunica media
Allow selective blood flow based on functional needs
Size of muscular aa.
Medium sized
Diameter of arterioles?
<0.3 mm
Example of arterioles
Resistance aa.
Features of arterioles
1 to several smooth muscle fiber layers in tunica media
Regulates blood distribution to capillaries
Major determinants of blood pressure
3 main types of veins
Large vein
Medium vein
Venule
Location of deep veins?
Deep veins accompany major aa.
Location of superficial veins?
Found in subcutaneous layer
Not accompanied by aa.
Difference between deep vein and superficial veins?
Deep veins are accompanied by major aa. while superficial veins are not.
Characteristic of small and medium veins
Presence of valves to prevent blood backflow
Cause of Varicose veins?
Due to the back flow of blood
Function of veins
Drain blood back to the heart
How do vv. drain blood back to the heart?
Negative pressure in the thoracic cavity
Compression by smooth or skeleton muscle contraction
Pulsation of accompanying aa for deep veins
where is 70% of blood found?
In veins
How can blood volume be compensated?
Changing luminal diameter of the vv.
Layers in the wall of aa. and vv.
Tunica intima
Tunica media
Tunica adventita
Tissues that make up the tunica intima
Endothelium
Connective tissue
Basement membrane
Tissues that make up the tunica media
Smooth muscles
Elastic or collagenous fibers (especially in elastic arteries)
Tissue that make up the tunica adventita
Connective tissue
Outer layer of the aa. and vv. wall
Tunica adventita (Connective tissue)
Middle layer of the aa. and vv. wall
Tunica media (Smooth muscle)
Inner layer of the aa. and vv, wall
Tunica intima (Endothelium)
Walls of the capillaries made of
Endothelium, basement membrane
1 cell layer thick
Comparing between vv and aa
Thickness: The walls of aa are thicker than vv. (Tunica intima, media and adventita are thinner in veins)
Presence of valves: vv. have, aa. not present
Blood direction flow: differs in aa and vv
Blood flow velocity is slower in veins than in arteries
Lumen in vv. are larger than arteries
Lumen of vv. are irregular whereas lumen of aa. are regular
Types of capillary
Continuous, Fenestrated, Discontinuous
Features of capillaries
An endothelium layer and a basement membrane
Extremely thin-walled tube
Function of capillaries
Location where exchange of gases, fluids, nutrients and metabolic wastes occur
Continuous capillary found in
Brain, muscle, skin, cortex of thymus, lungs
Type of epithelium of continuous capillary
Simple squamous epithelium
Features of continuous capillary
Complete basal lamina
Continuous cytoplasm
Exchange via pinocytosis for fluids and solutes and diffusion for gases
Presence of pericytes: modified smooth muscles
Implications of continuous capillary
Drugs are not able to effectively reach neural tissue of the brain
Features of fenestrated capillary
Complete basal lamina
Discontinuous cytoplasm
Presence of many fenestrae in endothelium
Location of fenestrated capillary
With diaphragm: Intestines, endocrine glands and kidney tubules
Without diaphragm: found in renal glomerulus
Discontinuous capillary located in the
Liver, spleen and bone marrow sinuses
Features of discontinuous capillary
Discontinuous cytoplasm- Presence of holes
Incomplete basal lamina
