Integumentary System

Question 1

functions of the skin

Answer 1

• Protects the underlying organs and tissues
• Maintains body temperature
• Synthesizes Vitamin D,
• Stores lipids
• Detects touch, pressure, pain, and temperature
• Excretes salt, water, and organic wastes
• Protects body against infection

Question 2

distinguish the mammals as a group

Answer 2

Mammalian skin and its modifications

Question 3

2 layers of the integument

Answer 3

epidermis, dermis

Question 4

Thinner
Protected by hair
Some areas become thickened with keratin
Vascular (no blood vessels)

Answer 4

epidermis

Question 5

Fibrous protein that also constitute the nails, claws, hooves, and hair

Answer 5

Keratin

Question 6

Mainly made up of connective tissues
Location of nerve endings, blood vessels and hair follicles
Vascular

Answer 6

Dermis

Question 7

Layers of the epidermis

Answer 7

• Stratum corneum
• Stratum lucidum
• Stratum granulosum
• Stratum spinosum
• Stratum basale

Question 8

outermost layer, keratinized, and dry to ensure barrier against microbes

Answer 8

Stratum corneum

Question 9

layer of the skin found only in thick skin

Answer 9

Stratum lucidum

Question 9

layer of skin that is grainy in appearance, generates keratin

Answer 9

Stratum granulosum

Question 10

deepest layer of epidermis, mitotic activity of epidermis

Answer 10

stratum basale

Question 10

layer of skin that is spiny in appearance, due to protruding cell processes that help cells communicate called desmosomes

Answer 10

stratum spinosum

Question 10

responsible for goosebumps

Answer 10

erector pilli muscle

Question 10

does hair grow continuously?

Answer 10

yes

Question 10

does hair stop growing at a certain length?

Answer 10

yes

Question 11

2 types of hair in mammals

Answer 11

Under hair
Guard hair

Question 12

Dense and soft
For insulation

Answer 12

Under hair

Question 13

Coarse and longer
Protect against wearing
Provide coloration
Under water, they become wet and adhere to each other

Answer 13

Guard hair

Question 14

longer and thinner version of guard hairs

Answer 14

Overhairs

Question 15

3 layers of hair

Answer 15

Cortex
Medulla
Cuticle

Question 16

Center of the hair

Answer 16

Medulla

Question 17

With pigment granules that lie outside the medulla

Answer 17

Cortex

Question 18

Outermost layer
Made up of imbricated scales

Answer 18

Cuticle

Question 19

Most mammals molts how many times a year?

Answer 19

Molts twice (summer and winter)

Question 20

white fur, used for Winter

Answer 20

Winter coat

Question 21

brown colored fur after molting

Answer 21

summer coat

Question 22

Spots, stripes, salt-and-pepper Disruptive Conceal the animals

Answer 22

Patterns

Question 23

Integumentary Derivatives (5)

Answer 23

vibrissae, quills, horns, antlers, glands

Question 24

Sensory hairs that provide a tactile sense to many mammals Long in length for nocturnal and burrowing animals

Answer 24

Whiskers, vibrissae

Question 25

Effective and dangerous spiny armor Porcupines, hedgehogs, and echidnas

Answer 25

quills

Question 26

Hollow sheath of keratinized epidermis that embraces a core of bone arising from the skull Not shed and not branched, but continuously grow

Answer 26

True horns

Question 27

animals with true horns

Answer 27

Antelopes, sheep, cattle

Question 28

Branched and composed of solid bone when mature Shed after breeding season

Answer 28

antlers

Question 29

Highly vascular soft skin that covers the antlers during annual spring growth

Answer 29

velvet

Question 30

animals with antlers

Answer 30

deer

Question 31

Hair-like keratinized filaments arise from dermal papillae and are cemented together Not attached to the skull

Answer 31

Rhinoceros Horn

Question 32

Glands (4)

Answer 32

Sweat gland Scent gland Sebaceous gland Mammary gland

Question 33

Tubular, highly coiled glands that occur over much of the body surface in most mammals Absent in other vertebrates

Answer 33

Sweat Glands

Question 34

2 kinds of Sweat Glands

Answer 34

Eccrine glands Apocrine glands

Question 35

Secrete watery fluid Occur in hairless regions (foot pads) Either reduced or absent in rodents, rabbits, and whale

Answer 35

Eccrine glands

Question 36

Larger than eccrine glands. With longer and more convoluted ducts Secretory coil is in the dermis and extends deep into hypodermis Glands may be present in dermis or hypodermis ALWAYS goes through the hair follicle

Answer 36

Apocrine glands

Question 37

Develop near puberty Secretions are milky fluids, whitish or yellow in color Not involved in heat regulation Activity is correlated with reproductive cycle

Answer 37

Apocrine glands

Question 38

Location and function vary greatly Present in nearly all mammals For communication with members of the same species Marking territorial boundaries Warning or defense

Answer 38

Scent Glands

Question 39

Usually associated with hair follicles Gland cells are secreted in their entirety and are continuously renewed by cell division

Answer 39

Sebaceous Glands

Question 40

how is sebum made

Answer 40

Cells become distended with fatty accumulation then die Expelled as greasy mixture

Question 41

"Polite fat" Does not turn rancid Serves as dressing to keep hair pliable and glossy Greasy mixture

Answer 41

Sebum

Question 42

Modified apocrine gland Occur in all female mammals Rudimentary form in all male mammals Increase in size at maturity

Answer 42

Mammary Glands

Question 43

Lack nipples Secrete milk onto the fur of the mother's belly

Answer 43

Monotremes