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ZOOLONE 2 > Integumentary System > Flashcards

Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

functions of the skin

A
  • Protects the underlying organs and tissues
  • Maintains body temperature
  • Synthesizes Vitamin D,
  • Stores lipids
  • Detects touch, pressure, pain, and temperature
  • Excretes salt, water, and organic wastes
  • Protects body against infection
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2
Q

distinguish the mammals as a group

A

Mammalian skin and its modifications

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3
Q

2 layers of the integument

A

epidermis, dermis

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4
Q

Thinner
Protected by hair
Some areas become thickened with keratin
Vascular (no blood vessels)

A

epidermis

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5
Q

Fibrous protein that also constitute the nails, claws, hooves, and hair

A

Keratin

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6
Q

Mainly made up of connective tissues
Location of nerve endings, blood vessels and hair follicles
Vascular

A

Dermis

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7
Q

Layers of the epidermis

A
  • Stratum corneum
  • Stratum lucidum
  • Stratum granulosum
  • Stratum spinosum
  • Stratum basale
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8
Q

outermost layer, keratinized, and dry to ensure barrier against microbes

A

Stratum corneum

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9
Q

layer of the skin found only in thick skin

A

Stratum lucidum

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9
Q

layer of skin that is grainy in appearance, generates keratin

A

Stratum granulosum

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10
Q

deepest layer of epidermis, mitotic activity of epidermis

A

stratum basale

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10
Q

layer of skin that is spiny in appearance, due to protruding cell processes that help cells communicate called desmosomes

A

stratum spinosum

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10
Q

responsible for goosebumps

A

erector pilli muscle

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10
Q

does hair grow continuously?

A

yes

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10
Q

does hair stop growing at a certain length?

A

yes

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11
Q

2 types of hair in mammals

A

Under hair
Guard hair

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12
Q

Dense and soft
For insulation

A

Under hair

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13
Q

Coarse and longer
Protect against wearing
Provide coloration
Under water, they become wet and adhere to each other

A

Guard hair

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14
Q

longer and thinner version of guard hairs

A

Overhairs

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15
Q

3 layers of hair

A

Cortex
Medulla
Cuticle

16
Q

Center of the hair

A

Medulla

17
Q

With pigment granules that lie outside the medulla

A

Cortex

18
Q

Outermost layer
Made up of imbricated scales

A

Cuticle

19
Q

Most mammals molts how many times a year?

A

Molts twice (summer and winter)

20
Q

white fur, used for Winter

A

Winter coat

21
Q

brown colored fur after molting

A

summer coat

22
Q

Spots, stripes, salt-and-pepper
Disruptive
Conceal the animals

A

Patterns

23
Q

Integumentary Derivatives (5)

A

vibrissae, quills, horns, antlers, glands

24
Q

Sensory hairs that provide a tactile sense to many mammals
Long in length for nocturnal and burrowing animals

A

Whiskers, vibrissae

25
Q

Effective and dangerous spiny armor Porcupines, hedgehogs, and echidnas

A

quills

26
Q

Hollow sheath of keratinized epidermis that embraces a core of bone arising from the skull
Not shed and not branched, but continuously grow

A

True horns

27
Q

animals with true horns

A

Antelopes, sheep, cattle

28
Q

Branched and composed of solid bone when mature
Shed after breeding season

A

antlers

29
Q

Highly vascular soft skin that covers the antlers
during annual spring growth

A

velvet

30
Q

animals with antlers

A

deer

31
Q

Hair-like keratinized filaments arise from dermal papillae and are cemented together
Not attached to the skull

A

Rhinoceros Horn

32
Q

Glands (4)

A

Sweat gland
Scent gland
Sebaceous gland
Mammary gland

33
Q

Tubular, highly coiled glands that occur over much of the body surface in most mammals
Absent in other vertebrates

A

Sweat Glands

34
Q

2 kinds of Sweat Glands

A

Eccrine glands
Apocrine glands

35
Q

Secrete watery fluid
Occur in hairless regions (foot pads)
Either reduced or absent in rodents, rabbits, and whale

A

Eccrine glands

36
Q

Larger than eccrine glands.
With longer and more convoluted ducts
Secretory coil is in the dermis and extends deep into hypodermis
Glands may be present in dermis or hypodermis
ALWAYS goes through the hair follicle

A

Apocrine glands

37
Q

Develop near puberty
Secretions are milky fluids, whitish or yellow in color Not involved in heat regulation
Activity is correlated with reproductive cycle

A

Apocrine glands

38
Q

Location and function vary greatly Present in nearly all mammals
For communication with members of the same species
Marking territorial boundaries
Warning or defense

A

Scent Glands

39
Q

Usually associated with hair follicles
Gland cells are secreted in their entirety and are continuously renewed by cell division

A

Sebaceous Glands

40
Q

how is sebum made

A

Cells become distended with fatty accumulation then die
Expelled as greasy mixture

41
Q

“Polite fat”
Does not turn rancid
Serves as dressing to keep hair pliable and glossy
Greasy mixture

A

Sebum

42
Q

Modified apocrine gland
Occur in all female mammals
Rudimentary form in all male mammals
Increase in size at maturity

A

Mammary Glands

43
Q

Lack nipples
Secrete milk onto the fur of the mother’s belly

A

Monotremes

ZOOLONE 2 (4 decks)

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