Integumentary System

Question 1

Integumentary System

Answer 1

Skin and it’s accessory structures (grow from the skin)
Accessory structure: hair, nails, glands

Question 2

Dermatology

Answer 2

The study and treatment of the integumentary system

Question 3

Skin

Answer 3

Our largest organ combined of two tissue types; epithelial and connective

Question 4

Epidermis layer is made of what tissue

Answer 4

Stratified-Squamous Epithelial Tissue (waterproof/ tough)

Question 5

Dermis layer is made of what tissue

Answer 5

Areolar connective tissue and Dense irregular CT

Question 6

Hypodermis layer is made of what tissue

Answer 6

Adipose CT (mostly) + areolar CT

Question 7

Epidermis

Answer 7

4-5 main layers:
Stratum-
• Corneum “Can Lucy give some blood”
• Lucidum
• Granulosum
• Spinosum
• Basal

Question 8

Epidermis main cell type in all layers

Answer 8

Keratinocytes- cells that move keratin protein (gives skin strength/toughness & waterproofs the skin)

Question 9

Stratum Basal

Answer 9

Deepest layer: one row of cells
Connected to the basement membrane along “wavy line”

Question 10

Stratum Basal components

Answer 10

Mostly keratinocytes: undergo mitosis constantly & gets pushed up
Some merkel cells: sensory cells for touch
Some Melanocytes: skin pigment cells

Question 11

Stratum Spinosum

Answer 11

Thickest layer (many rows)
Mostly Keratinocytes pushed up from the stratum basal.
Begins production of keratin protein
Some Dendritic cells: immune cells that phagocytose bacteria debris and damaged cells

Question 12

Stratum Granulosum

Answer 12

3-5 rows of cells
Keratinization occur in this layer
⬆️Keratinocytes fill up w/so much keratin protein that they die

Question 13

Stratum Lucidum

Answer 13

Dead layer
Only in thick skin- thick as paper towel (hand/feet only)
Thin skin- thin as printer paper ⬆️(everywhere else)

Question 14

Stratum cornuem

Answer 14

Dead scaley layer (many rows thick)
Not cells anymore
Just keratin protein cover in PM
Shed and replace every 4 wks

Question 15

Melanin

Answer 15

Main skin pigment molecule
Made by melanocyte cells in stratum basal
Protects skin cell DNA from damage

Question 16

Carotene

Answer 16

Yellow-orange pigment molecule
-comes from diet (egg yolk, carrots, squash)

Question 17

Hemoglobin

Answer 17

Red-pigmented molecule in blood
-gives skin pinkness.

Question 18

Dermis layer two layers within?

Answer 18

Papillary layer (~upper 1/4)
-Areolar CT (padding )
Recticular Layer(~lower 3/4)
- Dense irregular CT (stretch)

Question 19

Dermis layer contains

Answer 19

Blood vessels
Sensory receptors/nerves
Arrector Pili Muscle
Glands
Hair follicles

Question 20

Dermal blood vessels: Blood Temp. Control

Answer 20

Vasoconstruction- dermal blood vessels constrict
Cause blood to flow deeper w/in the body, warming deeper tissue & organs
Keeps core warm
Skin looks pale

Question 21

Vasodilation of blood vessels

Answer 21

Dermal blood vessels dilate causes blood to flow more superficially where heat can escape.
Cools you off.
Skin looks flushed

Question 22

Hypodermis: Subcutaneous Layer

Answer 22

Not part of skin/ integumentary system
Connects skin to muscle beneath
Good site for injections

Question 23

Hypodermis: Subcutaneous Layer composed of?

Answer 23

Fatty/ padding layer
- Adipose (fat) CT and Areolar CT
Lots of blood vessels
Function: cushioning, insulation, excess calorie storage (“body fat”)

Question 24

Sebaceous Glands

Answer 24

Secrets sebum(oil)- moisturizers, waterproofs, protect skin and hair – fully activated during puberty

Question 25

Holocrine type gland

Answer 25

(Whole cells in the gland rupture to release secretion) sebum discharges, through hair follicles.

Question 26

Apocrine sweat glands

Answer 26

Secretes ”stinky” Sweat
- Rich in protein
- bacteria feeds on this ➡️ produce odor
For thermoregulation
Only in certain areas ( auxiliary, pubic, anal, nipple, beard)

Question 27

When is Apocrine sweat glands activated?

Answer 27

During puberty

Question 28

Modified Apocrine Sweat Glands

Answer 28

Ceruminous glands and mammary glands

Question 29

Ceruminous glands

Answer 29

In ear, canals, secretes cerumen (earwax); traps particles, and prevents infections

Question 30

Mammary glands

Answer 30

In breast, secretes, milk; nurishes infant

Question 31

Functions of integumentary system

Answer 31

1. Physical protection-from trauma, pathogens, environment
2. Body temp regulation
3. Secretion- glands
   4.Vitamin production- UV light stimulates production of v-D precursor in skin
   Activates v-D needed for absorption of Ca+2 & Pi from diet