Enzymes Flashcards
What is a reactant ?
The starting chemical that’ll react together
What is the Product ?
End result of the chemical reaction
Are body reactions reversible ?
Yes
Exergonic Reaction
Release/produce energy
*reactions that involves BREAKING down Big molecules (macromolecules) into smaller ones (“catabolism”)
Endergonic Reaction
REQUIRES energy to make them happen.
BUILDING up big molecules (macromolecules) from smaller parts (“anabolism”)
Catabolism/Catabolic
A reaction that breaks something down.
Helpful example to remember: “ A cat eating from a bowl”
Hydrolysis
A type of catabolic reaction that specifically uses water to break something down.
Anabolism
Any building type reaction
Ex: dehydration synthesis
Helpful hint: “ABCD”- Ånabolic Builds Čatabolic Degrades
Is the Formation of a protein a hydrolysis or dehydration synthesis reaction? Is it exergonic or endergonic?
Dehydration Synthesis (builds);Endergonic
Breaking down ATP releases energy is?
Exergonic
Breaking ATP cost energy is?
Endergonic
ATP Cycling
The continues formation + breakdown of ATP in the cell
What is ATP built from?
ADP (adenosine Diphosphate) and a phosphate group. (Pi)
Enzyme
A type of protein that does a specific job (speed up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy)
Active Site
Pocket in the enzyme where the substrate(reactant) binds and products are formed
Catalase
Anything that speed up a chemical reaction
Ex: Enzymes; enzymes catalyze a chemical reaction.
Cofactor
Helpers of enzymes. Usually not made of proteins or other enzymes.
Ex: minerals or a vitamin
Coenzyme
Helper proteins/enzymes
Ex: coenzyme Q helps make ATP
3 Factors affect enzyme activity
- Temperature 2. pH
3.Substrate Concentration
Substrate Concentration
Generally more substrate= more product produced. Until point of “enzyme saturation”
3 ways to turn enzymes “off”
- Inhibitor molecules 2. Dephosphorylation 3. Negative Feedback inhibition
Inhibition
To turn off
Competitive inhibitors/inhibition
Inhibitor molecule resembles substrate; compete with substrate for enzymes active site and directly blocks substrate binding
Non-competitive inhibitor/inhibition
Inhibitor that doesn’t resemble substrate, binds to an allosteric (alternate) site, inducing shape change of enzymes active site, therefore blocking substrate binding.
Dephosphorylation
Removing a phosphate group from an enzyme, usually turns enzymes off.
Metabolic pathways
A series of linked chemical reactions, in which the product of one enzyme becomes the substrate for the next enzyme
