Integumentary System Flashcards
Eccrine Sweat Glands
- simple, coiled, tubular gland
- abundant on palms, foreheads, soles of feet
- connect to pores
- NOT SMELLY (99% water)
Follicle
- tube-like pocket in skin and scalp
- contains the hair root
Medulla
- inner most layer of hair
Hair bulb
- fat end of hair
- the lowest part of the hair root
Hyponychium
the skin between the free edge and fingertip
Functions of Integumentary System
Protection, sensation, excretion, temperature regulation, vitamin D production
Parts of System
Nails, Skin, Hair, Glands
Keratinocytes
- most abundant epidermal cells
- produce keratin (protects skin)
Melanocytes
- cells that produce melanin (skin pigment)
Langerhans cells
- epidermal macrophages that activate the immune system
Merkel cells
- light touch receptors
Eumelanin
- brownish-black pigment
mnemonic:
EW-melanin
Melanin
- pigment of skin
Pheomelanin
- reddish-yellow pigment
mnemonic:
THEOmelanin (ginger-red)
Keratin
- hard protein in epidermis, hair, and nails
Stratum Corneum
- outer layer of epidermis
- consists of flattened keratinocytes
Stratum Lucidum
- translucent
- found in soles of feet and palms (thick skin only)
mnemonic:
transLUCent
LUCidum
Stratum Granulosum
- thick layer
- transition between active cells and dead cells
Stratum Spinosum
- gives flexibility and strength to the skin
Stratum Basale
- rapid cell division occurs here
mnemonic:
BASE-ale (bottom)
Epidermis
Outermost layer of skin
- avascular
Dermis
Thickest (middle) layer of skin
- vascular
- where tattoos are put in
- papillary layer that makes thumb prints
Hypodermis
- subcutaneous layer
- vascular
- made up of adipose and areolar tissue
- connects skin to muscle
- elastic
- atrophies with age
Meissner’s corpuscles
- light touch receptors (in some parts)
Functions of the dermis
contains sensory receptors, stabilizes provides blood supply to the epidermis
free nerve endings (nociceptors)
- respond to pain and extreme temperatures
CIPA
Congenital Insensitivity to Pain with Anhidrosis
Krause end bulbs
thermoreceptor for cold temperature
mnemonic:
Santa KRAUS (cold)
Pacinian corpuscles
deep pressure and vibration receptors
mnemonic:
Pacinian
Pressure
Ruffini endings
respond to stretch
Merkel cells (disks)
nerve fibers close to the epidermis that sense touch and pressure
apocrine sweat glands
produce smelly sweat in the darker places of the body
basis of skin color
result of the interaction between epidermal pigmentation and dermal circulation
Carotenemia
condition where excess beta-carotene turns the skin yellow
Signs of Melanoma
A symmetry
B order irregularity
C olor change
D iameter change of moles
Arrector Pili Muscle
involuntary muscle fiber
- cause goosebumps
functions of hair
protects, insulates, sensitive to light touch
hair shaft
portion of hair above the surface
hair root
portion of hair below the surface
hair papilla
dermal tissue that is connected to capillaries that supply nutrients to the hair root
Anagen phase of hair growth
active growth that can last 2-7 years
mnemonic:
A nagen
A ctive
Catagen phase of hair growth
hair stops growing and dies. easy to pull out
mnemonic:
Cats, death, gross
Telogen phase of hair growth
hair reaches maximum length and reaches resting phase
mnemonic:
Do the chickens have large talons?
TALogeN (long hair)
Vellus hair
peach fuzz
terminal hair
All other hair
hair texture
determined by follicle shape
cortex of hair
middle layer that holds color
cuticle of hair
outer layer of hair made of keratinized cells covering the cortex
functions of nails
scratching, grasping, and protection
nail plate
translucent portion of the nail
free edge
part of the nail that extends over the tip of the finger
nail root
anchors nail into finger
lunula of nail
white area at the base of the nail (thickened stratum basale)
cuticle
loose and pliable overlapping skin around the nail
nail bed
living skin under the nail plate
matrix bed
where nail plate cells grow
nail folds
side edges of the nail
mantle of nail
contains root and matrix of the nail
