Integumentary System Flashcards
protection
protects the rest of the body from the basic elements of nature, acts as a protective barrier against water loss, and is the first line of defense against abrasive activity
Sensory Function
acts as a sense organ because the epidermis, dermis, and the hypodermis contain specialized sensory nerve structures that detect touch, surface temperature, and pain
thermoregulation
helps regulate body temperature through its tight association with the sympathetic nervous system
Vitamin D Synthesis
epidermal layer of human skin synthesizes vitamin D when exposed to UV radiation and Vitamin D is essential for normal absorption of calcium and phosphorous
skin
made of multiple layers of cells and tissues, which are held to underlying structures by connective tissue.
Keratinocyte
a cell that manufactures and stores the protein keratin
Keratin
intracellular fibrous protein that gives hair, nails, and skin their hardness and water-resistant properties
thick skin
stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale
thin skin
stratum corneum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale
epidermis
The outer layer of the two main layers of the skin.
dermis
the thick layer of living tissue below the epidermis which forms the true skin
hypodermis
he tissue immediately beneath the epidermis of a plant especially when modified to serve as a supporting and protecting layer.
stratum spinosum
spiny in appearance due to the protruding cell processes that join the cells via a structure called a desmosome.
stratum basale
Deepest epidermal layer (the base) and attaches the epidermis to the basal lamina,
integumentary system main organs
skin, hair, nails
stratum granulosum
primarily made of basal cells and deepest epidermal layer
stratum lucidum
the smooth and seemingly translucent layer of the epidermis
stratum corneum
most superficial layer of the epidermis and cells in this layer are shed periodically and are replaced
superficial to deep
stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale
hair
keratinous filament growing out of the epidermis
hair follicle
Strands of hair that originate in an epidermal penetration of the dermis
hair shaft
part of the hair not anchored to the follicle, and much of this is exposed at the skin’s surface
hair root
anchored in the follicle and lies below the surface of the skin
free edge (nail)
protect skin
lunula
thick layer of epithelium over the nail matrix that forms a crescent-shaped region
eponychium (cuticle)
nail fold that meets the proximal end of the nail body and forms the nail cuticle
nail root
a matrix of proliferating cells from the stratum basale that enables the nail to grow continuously
pores
allow sweat and oil to escape through the skin
apocrine sweat glands
larger than eccrine sweat glands and lie deeper in the dermis and is thicker
eecrine sweat glands
produces a hypotonic sweat for thermoregulation
Basal Cell Carcinoma
develops on the face or neck area, main cause is due to long term exposure to the sun, the symptoms include sores and bumps, and the treatment is surgery
acne
acne is caused by build up of oil and dead skin cells, it occurs mainly during puberty, the symptoms are getting different type of pimples, redness, and tenderness and has several treatments including creams and antibiotics
melanoma
type of skin cancer that develops from melanocytes, the symptoms include large mole/ discolored skin, and the treatment is surgery or chemotherapy
eczema
skin becomes itchy, bumpy and red, caused by skin irritation, treatments include creams and ointments
stretch marks
occurs when skin shrinks or stretches too quickly, symptoms are streak lines over different parts of the body, and there is no treatment
first degree burn
involves only the top layer of the skin, skin may be red, painful, dry, and may peel and treatment is cooling it and covering it
second degree burn
involves the outer layer and inner layer, can be caused by hot objects, sun and chemicals, symptoms are pain, redness, blisters, and treatments include cool water and covering it
third degree burn
destroys the dermis and epidermis, destroys nerve endings, symptoms include dark skin with leathery texture and treatment includes IV fluids and antibiotics
fourth degree burn
goes through both layers of the skin and deeper tissue, you can get it from hot things and chemicals, symptoms include red and exposed area , treatments include professional medical help
calluses
they are thick hardened layers or skin that develop when the skin comes in contact with rough surfaces, and can be treated by trimming away the skin
squamous cell cancer
occurs through sun exposure mixed with genetics
