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General > Integumentary System > Flashcards

Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

Embryonic origin of melanocyte and neuroglia

A

Neural crest cells

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2
Q

Most numerous cell in epidermis

A

Keratinocyte

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3
Q

Color
A. Eumelanin
B. Pheomelanin

A

A. Brown-black

B. Yellow-red

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4
Q

Macrophage in stratum spinosum

A

Langerhans cells

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5
Q

Keratin intermediate filaments

A

Prekeratin

Tonofilaments

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6
Q

Prickle cell layer

A

Spiny layer/ Stratum spinosum

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7
Q

Thickest layer of epidermis

A

Stratum spinosum

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8
Q

Malphigian layer/Stratum germinativum

A

Stratum basale

Stratum spinosum

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9
Q

Disease with absence of melanin

A

Albinism

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10
Q

Disease with deficiency in melanin

A

Vitiligo

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11
Q

Tyrosine produces

A 
Melanin
Dopamine
Epinephrine
Norepinephrine
Tyroxine
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12
Q

Layer of epidermis where cells undergo apoptosis

A

Stratum granulosum

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13
Q

Stratum lucidum other term

A

Clear cell layer

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14
Q

Stratum corneum

A

Horny layer

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15
Q

Layer of epidermis found in thick skin (fingertips, palms and soles)

A

Stratum lucidum

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16
Q

Granule that assembles tonofilaments to keratin

A

Keratohyalin granules

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17
Q

Abnormal thickening of stratum corneum due to constant friction

A

Callus

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18
Q

Excess keratinocyte shedding from scalp

A

Dandruffs

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19
Q

SCALP

A 
Skin
Connective tissue
Aponeuroses
Loose CT
Periosteum
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20
Q

An example of chronic inflammatory dermatoses that appears to have autoimmune basis

A

Psoriasis

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21
Q

Provides blood supply for epidermis

A

Dermis

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22
Q

Epidermal extensions towards dermis

A

Rete pegs/epidermal ridges

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23
Q

Nipple-like projections towards epidermis

A

Dermal papillae

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24
Q

Disease associated with saw-tooth like rete pegs

A

Lichen planus

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25
Q

Common location of lichen planus

A

Buccal mucosa

Sometimes transforms into SCC

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26
Q

White lines/networks/dots in lichen planus

A

Wickham’s striae

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27
Q

Treatment of Lichen Planus

A

Self-limiting

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28
Q

Layers of dermis

A

Papillary

Reticular

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29
Q

Major nutrient supplier for the skin

A

Reticular layer

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30
Q

Reticular layer is attached to

A

Subcutaneous layer/hypodermis

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31
Q

Other term for scar

A

Cicatrix

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32
Q

Sunken scar

A

Atrophic

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33
Q

Elevated scar

A

Hypertrophic

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34
Q

Scar extending to normal surrounding tissues

A

Keloid/cheloid

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35
Q

Other term for freckles

A

Ephelis/ephelides

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36
Q

Cause of freckles

A

Accumulation of melanin common in red hair people

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37
Q

Other term for mole

A

Nevus

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38
Q

It is a melanocyte overgrowth

A

Nevus

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39
Q

Red protein that carries oxygen

A

Hemoglobin

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40
Q

An orange pigment

A

Carotene

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41
Q

Normal hemoglobin count

A

Male: 14-16g/dl
Female: 12-14g/dl

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42
Q

Pigment needed for Vitamin A production

A

Carotene

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43
Q

Increase carotene

A

Carotenemia (yellow-orange color)

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44
Q

Excessive bilirubin

A

Jaundice/icterus (yellow sclera and skin)

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45
Q

Water-soluble vitamins that are readily excreted

A

Vit B

Vit C

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46
Q

Vit E

A

Tocopherol

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47
Q

Vit D

A

Calciferol

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48
Q

Vit A

A

Retinol

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49
Q

Vit C

A

Ascorbic acid

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50
Q

Vit B1

A

Thiamine

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51
Q

Vit B2

A

Riboflavin

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52
Q

Vit B12

A

Cyanocobalamin

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53
Q

Vit B11

A

Salicylic acid

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54
Q

Vit B3

A

Niacin/nicotinic acid

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55
Q

Vit B10

A

Para aminobenzoic acid

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56
Q

Vit B4

A

Adenine

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57
Q

Vit B9

A

Folic acid

58
Q

Vit B8

A

Inositol

59
Q

Vit B5

A

Pantothenic acid

60
Q

Vit B6

A

Pyridoxine

61
Q

Vit B8

A

Inositol

62
Q

Vit B7

A

Bitotin

63
Q

Vitamin produced by small intestines for clotting

A

Vit K

64
Q

Vitamins for RBC production

A

Vit B2
Vit B9
Vit B12

65
Q

Vitamin for calcium absorption

A

Vit D

66
Q

Vitamin that promotes wound healing and maintains healthy tissue

A

Vitamin C

67
Q

Vitamin needed for pregnancy

A

Folic acid

68
Q

Vitamin for collagen production

A

Vitamin C

69
Q

Antioxidant vitamin

A

Vit A

70
Q

Vitamin for digestion

A

Vit B3

71
Q

Vitamin for growth

A

Vit B2

72
Q

Keratin accumulation

A

Bitot spot

73
Q

pH of saliva

A

6.2 to 7.6 pH

74
Q

What is xylitol

A

Sugar that increases the pH of oral cavity leading to decrease caries activity

75
Q

Treatment for xerostomia

A

Artificial saliva: carboxymethyl cellulose

76
Q

Vitamin beneficial for gingiva

A

Vit C

77
Q

Function of zinc

A

Antiviral
Antibacterial
Regulates inflammation

78
Q

Deficiency in Vit A

A

Nyctalopia and xerostomia

79
Q

Vit K deficiency

A

Bleeding tendency

80
Q

Vit B1 deficiency

A

Beriberi

81
Q

Vit E deficiency

A

Enamel defects in rats

82
Q

Vit C deficiency

A

Scurvy
Scorbutic gingivitis
Pregnancy gingivitis

83
Q

Vit D deficiency

A

Rickets

Osteomalacia

84
Q

Megaloblastic/macrocytic anemia

A
  1. Folate-deficiency anemia

2. Pernicious anemia

85
Q

Vit B12 deficiency

A

Pernicious anemia- beefy tongue

86
Q

Nyctalopia

A

Nightblindness

87
Q

Vit B3 deficiency

A

Pellagra

Diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia & death

88
Q

Vit B2 deficiency

A

Angular cheilitis, glossitis and sore throat

89
Q

Vit B9 deficiency

A

Folate-deficiency anemia

90
Q

Absence of melanin

A

Albinism

91
Q

Bluish color due to inadequate oxygen

A

Cyanosis

92
Q

Rh+

A

Dominant trait

93
Q

Diseases associated with Blue Baby Syndrome

A
  1. Erythroblastosis fetalis
  2. Congenital heart defects
    Ex: tetralogy of fallot
  3. Methemoglobinemia
94
Q

Hemoglobin that cannot carry hemoglobin

A

Methemoglobin

95
Q

Due to Rh incompatibility

A

Erythroblastosis fetalis

96
Q

Unhealthy pale appearance due to shock or anemia

A

Pallor

97
Q

Responsible for hair/pili growth

A

Hair matrix cells

98
Q

Responsible for touch sensation to hair

A

Hair root plexus

99
Q

Partial or complete loss of hair

A

Alopecia

100
Q

Excess hair growth in localized areas

A

Hirsutism

101
Q

Generalized hair growth

A

Hypertrichosis

102
Q

Increases blood supply to hair

A

Minoxidil

103
Q

Secrete sebum to prevent water from evaporating from skin

A

Sebaceous gland

104
Q

Other term for sweat gland

A

Sudoriferous glands

105
Q

2 types of sweat glands

A

Eccrine

Apocrine

106
Q

Sweat gland found throughout the body

A

Eccrine

107
Q

Sweat gland found mainly in axilla, areola and perianal areas

A

Apocrine sweat gland

108
Q

Secretes cerumen

A

Ceruminous glands

109
Q

Calcitriol

A

1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol (active form of Vit D)

110
Q

Calcium deficiency after closure of epiphyseal plate

A

Osteomalacia

111
Q

Calcium deficiency before closure of epiphyseal plate

A

Rickets

112
Q

Features of rickets

A

Bone deformities “bow legs” “saber shin”

113
Q

Vit D2

A

Ergocalciferol (plants)

114
Q

Vit D3

A

Cholecalciferol (animals)

115
Q

Sensitive skin when exposed to light rays

A

Photosensitivity

116
Q

Most common skin cancer

A

Basal cell carcinoma/ Farmer’s carcinoma

-slow growing & undergoes metastasis

117
Q

Most common location of basal cell carcinoma

A

Mid face

118
Q

Second most common skin cancer

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

119
Q

Malignancy of melanocytes

A

Melanoma

120
Q

Most common skin cancer in the oral cavity

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

121
Q

Most common location of SCC

A

Lower lip

122
Q

Most common location of SCC intra-orally

A

Posterolateral border of tongue

123
Q

Deadliest skin cancer because of high metastatic rate

A

Melanoma

124
Q

Growth patterns of melanoma

A

Radial/horizontal growth

Vertical growth

125
Q

More dangerous because more chance of metastasis

A

Vertical growth

126
Q

Assesses the percentage of burnt body part

A

Rule of 9

127
Q

Fluid filled lesions

A

Blister

128
Q

Large blister >5mm

A

Bullae

129
Q

Small blister <5mm

A

Vesicle

130
Q

Most common epithelium in Cyst

A

Stratified squamous

131
Q

Elevation of skin <10mm; nipple-like

A

Papule

132
Q

Dome-like; >10mm

A

Nodule

133
Q

Reddened, elevated, itchy patches of skin usually seen in allergic reactions

A

Hives

134
Q

Itching

A

Pruritus

135
Q

Cause of human wart

A

Human papillomavirus

136
Q

HPV can cause

A

Verruca vulgaris - HPV2

Cervical cancer - HPV 16 & 18

137
Q

Blemishes of skin, non-elevated and non-depressed

A

Macule

138
Q

Osteoclasts are found in

A

Howship’s lacunae

139
Q

Unmineralized bone

A

Osteoid

140
Q

Irreguarly arranged fibers; less mineralized bone

A

Woven bone

141
Q

Parallel fibers; highly mineralized bone

A

Lamellar bone

General (4 decks)

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