Integumentary System Flashcards
1
Q
Embryonic origin of melanocyte and neuroglia
A
Neural crest cells
2
Q
Most numerous cell in epidermis
A
Keratinocyte
3
Q
Color
A. Eumelanin
B. Pheomelanin
A
A. Brown-black
B. Yellow-red
4
Q
Macrophage in stratum spinosum
A
Langerhans cells
5
Q
Keratin intermediate filaments
A
Prekeratin
Tonofilaments
6
Q
Prickle cell layer
A
Spiny layer/ Stratum spinosum
7
Q
Thickest layer of epidermis
A
Stratum spinosum
8
Q
Malphigian layer/Stratum germinativum
A
Stratum basale
Stratum spinosum
9
Q
Disease with absence of melanin
A
Albinism
10
Q
Disease with deficiency in melanin
A
Vitiligo
11
Q
Tyrosine produces
A
Melanin Dopamine Epinephrine Norepinephrine Tyroxine
12
Q
Layer of epidermis where cells undergo apoptosis
A
Stratum granulosum
13
Q
Stratum lucidum other term
A
Clear cell layer
14
Q
Stratum corneum
A
Horny layer
15
Q
Layer of epidermis found in thick skin (fingertips, palms and soles)
A
Stratum lucidum
16
Q
Granule that assembles tonofilaments to keratin
A
Keratohyalin granules
17
Q
Abnormal thickening of stratum corneum due to constant friction
A
Callus
18
Q
Excess keratinocyte shedding from scalp
A
Dandruffs
19
Q
SCALP
A
Skin Connective tissue Aponeuroses Loose CT Periosteum
20
Q
An example of chronic inflammatory dermatoses that appears to have autoimmune basis
A
Psoriasis
21
Q
Provides blood supply for epidermis
A
Dermis
22
Q
Epidermal extensions towards dermis
A
Rete pegs/epidermal ridges
23
Q
Nipple-like projections towards epidermis
A
Dermal papillae
24
Q
Disease associated with saw-tooth like rete pegs
A
Lichen planus
25
Common location of lichen planus
Buccal mucosa
| Sometimes transforms into SCC
26
White lines/networks/dots in lichen planus
Wickham's striae
27
Treatment of Lichen Planus
Self-limiting
28
Layers of dermis
Papillary
| Reticular
29
Major nutrient supplier for the skin
Reticular layer
30
Reticular layer is attached to
Subcutaneous layer/hypodermis
31
Other term for scar
Cicatrix
32
Sunken scar
Atrophic
33
Elevated scar
Hypertrophic
34
Scar extending to normal surrounding tissues
Keloid/cheloid
35
Other term for freckles
Ephelis/ephelides
36
Cause of freckles
Accumulation of melanin common in red hair people
37
Other term for mole
Nevus
38
It is a melanocyte overgrowth
Nevus
39
Red protein that carries oxygen
Hemoglobin
40
An orange pigment
Carotene
41
Normal hemoglobin count
Male: 14-16g/dl
Female: 12-14g/dl
42
Pigment needed for Vitamin A production
Carotene
43
Increase carotene
Carotenemia (yellow-orange color)
44
Excessive bilirubin
Jaundice/icterus (yellow sclera and skin)
45
Water-soluble vitamins that are readily excreted
Vit B
| Vit C
46
Vit E
Tocopherol
47
Vit D
Calciferol
48
Vit A
Retinol
49
Vit C
Ascorbic acid
50
Vit B1
Thiamine
51
Vit B2
Riboflavin
52
Vit B12
Cyanocobalamin
53
Vit B11
Salicylic acid
54
Vit B3
Niacin/nicotinic acid
55
Vit B10
Para aminobenzoic acid
56
Vit B4
Adenine
57
Vit B9
Folic acid
58
Vit B8
Inositol
59
Vit B5
Pantothenic acid
60
Vit B6
Pyridoxine
61
Vit B8
Inositol
62
Vit B7
Bitotin
63
Vitamin produced by small intestines for clotting
Vit K
64
Vitamins for RBC production
Vit B2
Vit B9
Vit B12
65
Vitamin for calcium absorption
Vit D
66
Vitamin that promotes wound healing and maintains healthy tissue
Vitamin C
67
Vitamin needed for pregnancy
Folic acid
68
Vitamin for collagen production
Vitamin C
69
Antioxidant vitamin
Vit A
70
Vitamin for digestion
Vit B3
71
Vitamin for growth
Vit B2
72
Keratin accumulation
Bitot spot
73
pH of saliva
6.2 to 7.6 pH
74
What is xylitol
Sugar that increases the pH of oral cavity leading to decrease caries activity
75
Treatment for xerostomia
Artificial saliva: carboxymethyl cellulose
76
Vitamin beneficial for gingiva
Vit C
77
Function of zinc
Antiviral
Antibacterial
Regulates inflammation
78
Deficiency in Vit A
Nyctalopia and xerostomia
79
Vit K deficiency
Bleeding tendency
80
Vit B1 deficiency
Beriberi
81
Vit E deficiency
Enamel defects in rats
82
Vit C deficiency
Scurvy
Scorbutic gingivitis
Pregnancy gingivitis
83
Vit D deficiency
Rickets
| Osteomalacia
84
Megaloblastic/macrocytic anemia
1. Folate-deficiency anemia
| 2. Pernicious anemia
85
Vit B12 deficiency
Pernicious anemia- beefy tongue
86
Nyctalopia
Nightblindness
87
Vit B3 deficiency
Pellagra
| Diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia & death
88
Vit B2 deficiency
Angular cheilitis, glossitis and sore throat
89
Vit B9 deficiency
Folate-deficiency anemia
90
Absence of melanin
Albinism
91
Bluish color due to inadequate oxygen
Cyanosis
92
Rh+
Dominant trait
93
Diseases associated with Blue Baby Syndrome
1. Erythroblastosis fetalis
2. Congenital heart defects
Ex: tetralogy of fallot
3. Methemoglobinemia
94
Hemoglobin that cannot carry hemoglobin
Methemoglobin
95
Due to Rh incompatibility
Erythroblastosis fetalis
96
Unhealthy pale appearance due to shock or anemia
Pallor
97
Responsible for hair/pili growth
Hair matrix cells
98
Responsible for touch sensation to hair
Hair root plexus
99
Partial or complete loss of hair
Alopecia
100
Excess hair growth in localized areas
Hirsutism
101
Generalized hair growth
Hypertrichosis
102
Increases blood supply to hair
Minoxidil
103
Secrete sebum to prevent water from evaporating from skin
Sebaceous gland
104
Other term for sweat gland
Sudoriferous glands
105
2 types of sweat glands
Eccrine
| Apocrine
106
Sweat gland found throughout the body
Eccrine
107
Sweat gland found mainly in axilla, areola and perianal areas
Apocrine sweat gland
108
Secretes cerumen
Ceruminous glands
109
Calcitriol
1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol (active form of Vit D)
110
Calcium deficiency after closure of epiphyseal plate
Osteomalacia
111
Calcium deficiency before closure of epiphyseal plate
Rickets
112
Features of rickets
Bone deformities "bow legs" "saber shin"
113
Vit D2
Ergocalciferol (plants)
114
Vit D3
Cholecalciferol (animals)
115
Sensitive skin when exposed to light rays
Photosensitivity
116
Most common skin cancer
Basal cell carcinoma/ Farmer's carcinoma
| -slow growing & undergoes metastasis
117
Most common location of basal cell carcinoma
Mid face
118
Second most common skin cancer
Squamous cell carcinoma
119
Malignancy of melanocytes
Melanoma
120
Most common skin cancer in the oral cavity
Squamous cell carcinoma
121
Most common location of SCC
Lower lip
122
Most common location of SCC intra-orally
Posterolateral border of tongue
123
Deadliest skin cancer because of high metastatic rate
Melanoma
124
Growth patterns of melanoma
Radial/horizontal growth
| Vertical growth
125
More dangerous because more chance of metastasis
Vertical growth
126
Assesses the percentage of burnt body part
Rule of 9
127
Fluid filled lesions
Blister
128
Large blister >5mm
Bullae
129
Small blister <5mm
Vesicle
130
Most common epithelium in Cyst
Stratified squamous
131
Elevation of skin <10mm; nipple-like
Papule
132
Dome-like; >10mm
Nodule
133
Reddened, elevated, itchy patches of skin usually seen in allergic reactions
Hives
134
Itching
Pruritus
135
Cause of human wart
Human papillomavirus
136
HPV can cause
Verruca vulgaris - HPV2
| Cervical cancer - HPV 16 & 18
137
Blemishes of skin, non-elevated and non-depressed
Macule
138
Osteoclasts are found in
Howship's lacunae
139
Unmineralized bone
Osteoid
140
Irreguarly arranged fibers; less mineralized bone
Woven bone
141
Parallel fibers; highly mineralized bone
Lamellar bone
