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Cellular Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Thread like structures that carry genetic information; contains single DNA molecule

A

Chromosome

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2
Q

Material that makes up chromosomes

A

Chromatin

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3
Q

Function of histones

A

Guides the coiling of the DNA

Attachment site of DNA

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4
Q

Chromosome copy

A

Chromatid

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5
Q

Holds the sister chromatids

A

Centromere

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6
Q

Trisomy 21

A

Down syndrome

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7
Q

Trisomy 18

A

Edward syndrome

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8
Q

Trisomy 13

A

Patau Syndrome

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9
Q

Klinefelter syndrome

A

Gynecomastia
Micropenis
Taurodontism

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10
Q

Diseases with bull’s eye/iris/target lesion

A

Erythema multiforme

Lyme’s disease

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11
Q

Cause of lyme’s disease

A

Borrelia burgdorferi

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12
Q

Most allergenic drug

A

Penicillin

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13
Q

1st true antibiotic

A

Penicillin

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14
Q

Site of oxidative phosphorylation

A

Mitochondria

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15
Q

Source of energy

A

ATP

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16
Q

Breaks down ATP into ADP + P

A

ATPase and H20

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17
Q

Main source of ATP

A

Glucose

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18
Q

Glycolysis and Direct phosphorylation happens in

A

Cytoplasm

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19
Q

Direct phosphorylation happens in

A

Muscles

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20
Q

Other term for oxidative phosphorylation

A

Electron transport chain of mitochondria

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21
Q

Non-membrane bound organelle responsible for protein synthesis

A

Ribosomes

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22
Q

Basic structures of protein

A

Amino acid

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23
Q

Amino acid are made up of what elements

A

Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen

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24
Q

Transcription or

A

RNA synthesis

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25
Translation or
Protein synthesis
26
RNA that forms ribosomes and translates the mRNA
rRNA
27
Function of mRNA
Carries genetic information of DNA | Direct end product of transcription
28
Carries amino acid to the ribosomes during translation
tRNA
29
Normal FBS
60-90 70-100 80-110 80-120 mg/dl
30
Active enzyme
Holoenzyme
31
Inactive enzyme
Apoenzyme
32
Contains pair of centrioles made of microtubule arranged in cartwheel pattern
Centrosome
33
Glycogen is primarily stored
LIVER | Muscle cells
34
Brush border appearance
Microvilli
35
Epithelial lining of stomach to 2/3 anus
Simple columnar with microvilli
36
Epithelial lining of 1/3 anus
Stratified squamous
37
Respiratory epithelium
Pseudostrafied ciliated columnar with goblet cells
38
Fragments of newly synthesized DNA
Okazaki fragment
39
Longest phase of cellular division
Interphase
40
S phase
DNA replication | RNA synthesis
41
Organelles double in number preparing for mitosis
G2 phase
42
Cells that stopped dividing, what phase
G0 (G-zero) phase
43
What happens in Prophase
Nuclear membrane and nucleolus disintegrates Chromatin coils and condenses Centrioles replicate and move towards opposite pole
44
What happens in Metaphase
Mitotic spindles from centrosome attach to centromere | Chromosomes align at the equator
45
Anaphase
Chromosomes split going towards opposite pole
46
Telophase
Nuclear membrane reappears | Cleavage furrow forms
47
Cytoplasm divides into two
Cytokinesis
48
Prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase also known as
Karyokinesis
49
Homologous chromosome pair during meiosis
Synapsis
50
Sharing of DNA of two homologous pair/ Chiastmata formation/ Crossing-over
Recombination
51
Synapsis and recombination happens in what phase
Prophase 1
52
Required for development of cilia
Basal bodies
53
Oval-shaped organelle located next to the nucleus
Centrosome
54
Specialized zone of cytoplasm that is the center of microtubule formation
Centrosome
55
Unusually long microvilli
Stereocilia - ears & epididymis
56
Appearance of chromatin
Beads on string | DNA+ Histones
57
Somatic cells
Diploid= 2n
58
Sex cells
Haploid = n
59
During DNA replication (numbers) a. chromosome b. chromatid c. sister chromatid
a. chromosome (same) b. chromatid (double) c. sister chromatid (same)
60
Kreb cycle other names
Citric acid cycle | Tricarboxylic acid cycle
61
Stored glucose
Glycogen
62
Action of body to hyperglycemia
Beta cells - insulin Glycogenesis Fatty acid synthesis
63
Action of body to hypoglycemia
Alpha cells - Glucagon Glycogenolysis Gluconeogenesis
64
Fxn of RER
Protein synthesis
65
Fxn of SER
Steroid synthesis Lipogenesis Detoxification of substances
66
9+2 or 9+0 arrangement of microtubule
Cilia
67
Cilia found in
Respiratory epithelium | Fallopian tube/oviduct
68
Flagella found in
Sperm cell | Bacteria
69
Made up of axoneme
Flagella
70
Initiates flagellar activity and chemotaxis
Chemotactic agent
71
Sperm penetrates egg cell using
Hyaluronidase (acrosome)
72
Tail of the sperm is made up of
Axoneme
73
What forms in meiosis
1 oocyte | 3 polar bodies

General (4 decks)

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