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General > Cellular Anatomy > Flashcards

Cellular Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Thread like structures that carry genetic information; contains single DNA molecule

A

Chromosome

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2
Q

Material that makes up chromosomes

A

Chromatin

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3
Q

Function of histones

A

Guides the coiling of the DNA

Attachment site of DNA

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4
Q

Chromosome copy

A

Chromatid

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5
Q

Holds the sister chromatids

A

Centromere

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6
Q

Trisomy 21

A

Down syndrome

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7
Q

Trisomy 18

A

Edward syndrome

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8
Q

Trisomy 13

A

Patau Syndrome

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9
Q

Klinefelter syndrome

A

Gynecomastia
Micropenis
Taurodontism

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10
Q

Diseases with bull’s eye/iris/target lesion

A

Erythema multiforme

Lyme’s disease

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11
Q

Cause of lyme’s disease

A

Borrelia burgdorferi

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12
Q

Most allergenic drug

A

Penicillin

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13
Q

1st true antibiotic

A

Penicillin

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14
Q

Site of oxidative phosphorylation

A

Mitochondria

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15
Q

Source of energy

A

ATP

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16
Q

Breaks down ATP into ADP + P

A

ATPase and H20

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17
Q

Main source of ATP

A

Glucose

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18
Q

Glycolysis and Direct phosphorylation happens in

A

Cytoplasm

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19
Q

Direct phosphorylation happens in

A

Muscles

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20
Q

Other term for oxidative phosphorylation

A

Electron transport chain of mitochondria

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21
Q

Non-membrane bound organelle responsible for protein synthesis

A

Ribosomes

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22
Q

Basic structures of protein

A

Amino acid

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23
Q

Amino acid are made up of what elements

A

Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen

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24
Q

Transcription or

A

RNA synthesis

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25
Q

Translation or

A

Protein synthesis

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26
Q

RNA that forms ribosomes and translates the mRNA

A

rRNA

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27
Q

Function of mRNA

A

Carries genetic information of DNA

Direct end product of transcription

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28
Q

Carries amino acid to the ribosomes during translation

A

tRNA

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29
Q

Normal FBS

A

60-90
70-100
80-110
80-120 mg/dl

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30
Q

Active enzyme

A

Holoenzyme

31
Q

Inactive enzyme

A

Apoenzyme

32
Q

Contains pair of centrioles made of microtubule arranged in cartwheel pattern

A

Centrosome

33
Q

Glycogen is primarily stored

A

LIVER

Muscle cells

34
Q

Brush border appearance

A

Microvilli

35
Q

Epithelial lining of stomach to 2/3 anus

A

Simple columnar with microvilli

36
Q

Epithelial lining of 1/3 anus

A

Stratified squamous

37
Q

Respiratory epithelium

A

Pseudostrafied ciliated columnar with goblet cells

38
Q

Fragments of newly synthesized DNA

A

Okazaki fragment

39
Q

Longest phase of cellular division

A

Interphase

40
Q

S phase

A

DNA replication

RNA synthesis

41
Q

Organelles double in number preparing for mitosis

A

G2 phase

42
Q

Cells that stopped dividing, what phase

A

G0 (G-zero) phase

43
Q

What happens in Prophase

A

Nuclear membrane and nucleolus disintegrates
Chromatin coils and condenses
Centrioles replicate and move towards opposite pole

44
Q

What happens in Metaphase

A

Mitotic spindles from centrosome attach to centromere

Chromosomes align at the equator

45
Q

Anaphase

A

Chromosomes split going towards opposite pole

46
Q

Telophase

A

Nuclear membrane reappears

Cleavage furrow forms

47
Q

Cytoplasm divides into two

A

Cytokinesis

48
Q

Prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase also known as

A

Karyokinesis

49
Q

Homologous chromosome pair during meiosis

A

Synapsis

50
Q

Sharing of DNA of two homologous pair/ Chiastmata formation/ Crossing-over

A

Recombination

51
Q

Synapsis and recombination happens in what phase

A

Prophase 1

52
Q

Required for development of cilia

A

Basal bodies

53
Q

Oval-shaped organelle located next to the nucleus

A

Centrosome

54
Q

Specialized zone of cytoplasm that is the center of microtubule formation

A

Centrosome

55
Q

Unusually long microvilli

A

Stereocilia - ears & epididymis

56
Q

Appearance of chromatin

A

Beads on string

DNA+ Histones

57
Q

Somatic cells

A

Diploid= 2n

58
Q

Sex cells

A

Haploid = n

59
Q

During DNA replication (numbers)

a. chromosome
b. chromatid
c. sister chromatid

A

a. chromosome (same)
b. chromatid (double)
c. sister chromatid (same)

60
Q

Kreb cycle other names

A

Citric acid cycle

Tricarboxylic acid cycle

61
Q

Stored glucose

A

Glycogen

62
Q

Action of body to hyperglycemia

A

Beta cells - insulin
Glycogenesis
Fatty acid synthesis

63
Q

Action of body to hypoglycemia

A

Alpha cells - Glucagon
Glycogenolysis
Gluconeogenesis

64
Q

Fxn of RER

A

Protein synthesis

65
Q

Fxn of SER

A

Steroid synthesis
Lipogenesis
Detoxification of substances

66
Q

9+2 or 9+0 arrangement of microtubule

A

Cilia

67
Q

Cilia found in

A

Respiratory epithelium

Fallopian tube/oviduct

68
Q

Flagella found in

A

Sperm cell

Bacteria

69
Q

Made up of axoneme

A

Flagella

70
Q

Initiates flagellar activity and chemotaxis

A

Chemotactic agent

71
Q

Sperm penetrates egg cell using

A

Hyaluronidase (acrosome)

72
Q

Tail of the sperm is made up of

A

Axoneme

73
Q

What forms in meiosis

A

1 oocyte

3 polar bodies

General (4 decks)

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