Connective Tissue Flashcards
1
Q
Most important function of GAGS
A
Preserve water in the body
2
Q
Most GAGs project from a
A
Proteoglycan creating a BRISTLE BRUSH
3
Q
Enzyme that breaks down hyaluronic acid
A
Hyaluronidase
4
Q
GAG - universal glue of the body
A
Hyaluronic acid
5
Q
Most numerous GAG
A
Chondroitin sulfate
6
Q
GAG seen primarily in cartilage
A
Chondroitin sulfate
7
Q
GAG in skin
A
Dermatan sulfate
8
Q
GAG in cornea
A
Keratan sulfate
9
Q
GAG similar to heparin
A
Heparan sulfate
10
Q
Hyaluronic acid is seen in
A
Joints, eyeballs, egg cell and attaches CT together
11
Q
It is the only GAG that does not arise from a proteoglycan
A
Hyaluronic acid
12
Q
Used in emergency cases of Infarction because it has rapid onset of action
A
Heparin (anticoagulant)
13
Q
Heparin is from
A
Mast cells and Basophils
14
Q
Function of heparin
A
Anti-coagulant
15
Q
Basic types of protein in the body
A
Collagen
Elastin
Keratin
Albumin
16
Q
Most numerous protein
A
Collagen
17
Q
Highly elastic protein
A
Elastin
18
Q
Most numerous protein in epidermis
A
Keratin
19
Q
Most numerous protein in blood
A
Albumin
20
Q
Function of albumin
A
Determines osmotic pressure
21
Q
Most abundant type of collagen
A
Type 1
Dermis, Bone, Dentin, Pulp and Cementum
22
Q
Type 2 collagen
A
Cartilage
23
Q
Type 3 collagen
A
Reticular fibers and tissues
24
Q
Type 4 collagen
A
Basement membrane
25
Type 5 collagen
Hair and placenta
26
Most numerous protein in enamel
Amelogenin
27
Disease where the patient has excessive elastic fibers
Marfan Syndrome
28
Disease where the patient has defective collagen fibers leading to flexibility
Ehlers Danlos syndrome
29
Disease where the patient has deficient collagen fibers
Osteogenesis imperfecta
30
Clin features of OI
Blue sclera
| Fractures due to brittle bone
31
Fiber-forming cells
Fibroblasts
32
Monocytes outside the circulatory system
Macrophages
33
Stages of wound healing
1. Inflammatory
2. Proliferative
3. Remodeling
34
What type of collagen seen in initial wound healing
Type 3 collagen then as the wound matures it becomes type 1 collagen
35
Granulation tissue is composed of
Fibroblast
| Angioblast
36
Balloning of vessel
Aneurysm
37
Cause of death in patients with Marfan's syndrome
Aneurysm of aorta
38
Clinical features of Marfan Syndrome
Genetic disorder
Tall but thin
Elongated extremities
Weakening of tissue due to excessive elastic fibers
39
Berry aneurysm involves what structures
Circle of willis
40
Other term for Ehlers Danlos Syndrome
Rubberman syndrome
41
Treatment of aneurysm
Endovascular coiling
| Surgical clipping
42
Precursor of macrophage
Monocyte
43
Dust cells with hemosiderin pigment
Heart failure cells
44
Surveillance cells of the pulp
Histiocytes/ tissue macrophage
45
Growth hormone is responsible for
Chondrogenesis
46
Lengthening of bones
Interstitial growth
47
Vitamin D is needed for
Calcium absorption
48
What type of cartilage is epiphyseal plate
Hyaline cartilage
49
They don't have direct blood supply and nerve supply
Cartilage
50
Depression where we can find osteoclast
Howship's lacunae
51
Langerhans cells are found in
Stratum spinosum of epidermis
52
Macrophage in bone
Osteoclast
53
Macrophage in Granuloma
Epitheloid cells and Langhans giant cells
54
Macrophage in Placenta
Hofbauer cells
55
Macrophage in Kidney
Intraglomerular Mesangial cells
56
Macrophage in lymph nodes and spleen
Dendritic cells
57
Macrophage in epidermis
Langerhans cells
58
Macrophage in liver
Kupffer cells
59
Macrophage in CNS
Microglia
60
Macrophage in pulmonary alveoli of lungs
Dust cells/alveolar macrophages
61
Macrophage in lymph nodes
Sinus histiocytes
62
Appearance of adipocytes
Signet-ring apperance
63
Growth within the tissue
Interstitial growth
64
For widening of bones and continuous through adolescence
Appositional
65
Process of hyaline cartilage becoming bone tissue
Endochondral ossification
66
Procedure that removes air/fluid from the pleural space
Thoracentesis
67
In thoracentesis needle is inserted in
6, 7 or 8 intercostal space
68
Cartilage that is composed of numerous chondrocytes and few collagen fibers
Hyaline cartilage
69
Cartilage that is composed of fewer chondrocytes and thick collagen fibers
Fibrocartilage
70
Cartilage composed of chondrocytes and elastic fibers
Elastic cartilage
71
Most numerous but weakest cartilage
Hyaline cartilage
72
Strongest cartilage
Fibrocartilage
73
Examples of fibrocartilage
1. Meniscus of knee joint and TMJ
2. Symphysial joints
Symphysis mentis, pubis, manubriosternal joint and intervertebral disc
74
Most commonly torn ligament in human body
Anterior cruciate ligament
75
Location of elastic cartilage
Pinna, epiglottis and eustachian tube
76
Unhappy triad
Anterior cruciate ligament
Medial collateral ligament
Lateral meniscus
77
Strongest type of bone
Compact bone
78
Made up of haversian system/osteon
Compact bone
79
Other term for spongy bone
Cancellous bone/ trabecular bone
80
Cartilagenous growth
Interstitial- within bone
| Appositional- outer surface of bone
81
Type of bone growth that happens in bone tissue
Appositional
82
Structure seen at the central portion of osteon
Haversian canal (neurovascular bundles)
83
Primary lymphoid organ
Thymus and bone marrow
84
Triad of Plummer- Vinson Syndrome
1. Chronic iron deficiency anemia
2. Esophageal web
3. Dysphagia
85
Composition of blood
Plasma-55%
| Formed elements- 45%
86
Formed elements of blood
RBC
WBC
Platelets
87
Other term for
1. WBC
2. RBC
3. Platelets
1. Leukocytes
2. Erythrocytes
3. Thrombocytes
88
Increase in
1. WBC
2. Lymphocytes
3. Platelets
4. RBC
1. Leukocytosis
2. Lymphocytosis
3. Thrombocytosis
4. Polycythemia vera/erythrocytosis
89
Decrease in
1. WBC
2. RBC
3. Lymphocytes
4. Thrombocytes
1. Leukopenia/leukocytopenia
2. Anemia
3. Lymphocytopenia
4. Thrombocytopenia
90
Increase or decrease in neutrophil count indicates
Bacterial infection
91
Increase or decrease in lymphocyte count indicates
Viral infection
92
Normal value of WBC
4,500 to 11,000 cells/ microliters of blood
| 10,000 cells/microliters of blood
93
Types of WBC
Granulocytes/ Polymorphonuclear leukocytes
1. Basophil
2. Eosinophil
3. Neutrophil
Agranulocytes
1. Monocytes
2. Lymphocytes
94
Most to least numerous WBC
```
Neutrophil
Lymphocyte
Monocyte
Eosinophil
Basophil
```
95
Largest leukocyte
Monocyte
96
Smallest leukocyte
Lymphocyte
97
Precursors of macrophages
Monocytes
98
Enzymes released by basophil
Histamine (inflammatory)
| Heparin (anticoagulant & anti-inflammatory)
99
WBC that kills parasites and modulates inflammation
Eosinophil
100
First line of defense
Neutrophil
101
Important for adaptive immunity
Lymphocyte
102
B-lymphocyte is discovered from
Bursa of fabricius of a bird
103
WBC
1. Dark blue/purple granules
2. Red/dark pink granules
3. Faint/light pink granules
1. Basophil
2. Eosinophil
3. Neutrophil
104
WBC
1. Bilobed or S-shaped nucleus
2. Single nucleus (indented/C-shaped/Kidney-shaped)
3. Spherical nucleus
4. 3 to 5 lobes
1. Basophils
2. Monocytes
3. Lymphocytes
4. Neutrophils
105
Normal RBC
1. Male
2. Female
1. 5 to 6 million cells/microliter of blood
| 2. 4 to 5 million cells/microliter of blood
106
Most important mineral for RBC production
Iron
107
Universal donor
O-
108
Universal recipient
AB+
109
Iron is absorbed in
Duodenum
110
Not cells, only fragments of bone marrow known as megakaryocytes
Thrombocytes
111
Capillary fragility test also known as
Tourniquet/ Rumpel-leede test
112
Lifespan of RBC
120 days
113
Determines the fragility of capillaries
Platelets
114
Normal Platelets
150,000 to 450,000 cells/microliter of blood
115
Plasma cells are from
B-cells
116
Cells that produce antibodies/immunoglobulins
Plasma cells
117
Appearance of the nucleus of plasma cells
Clockface/cartwheel nucleus
118
Ig that can cross placental barrier
IgG (lasts for 6 months)
119
Mucosal secretions
IgA
120
1st line of defense of Ig
IgM
121
Exchange system of BV
Capillaries
122
Fluids within the lymphatic vessel
Lymph
123
Functions of lymphatic system
1. Absorbs fluid not absorbed by veins
| 2. Filters fluid in circulatory system
124
Largest lymphatic duct
Left lymphatic duct/thoracic duct
125
Largest lymphatic vessels in the body
Lymphatic ducts
126
Dilated sac at the lower end of thoracic duct
Cisterna chyli
127
Cisterna chyli drains lymph from
Intestinal and lumbar area
128
Lymphatic ducts drains
At the junction of internal jugular vein and subclavian vein
129
Red pulp of the spleen contains
RBC and Macrophages
130
White pulp of the spleen contains
B and T lymphocytes
