integumentary system #1 Flashcards
What are the 3 layers of the integumentary
Epidermis - most superficial layer
Dermis - middle layer
Hypodermis - deepest layer
Vasoconstriction
shrinking of the veins to hold heat in the body
Vasodilation
growing of the veins to release heat from the body
Role of vitamin D with the skin
the skin is able to absorb uv light containing vitamin D, which is essential for the process of absorbing calcium and phosphorus from the small intestine for the synthesis of healthy bones
What is Rickets
caused by lack of UV light which will give you a lack of vitamin D, causes weight bearing bones to start bowing
What causes wrinkles
excessive exposures to damaging UV light
How can the skin eliminate waste products
Perspiration (sweat)
5 layers of the epidermis from most superficial to deepest
- Stratum Corneum
2.Stratum Lucidum - Stratum Granulosum
- Stratum spinosum
- Stratum Basale
What parts of the body have 5 layers
Palms, soles and lips
Which layer is only found in the palms soles and lips
Stratum Lucidum
Consists of a single layer of cells that are mitotically active and contains pigmented melanocytes
Stratum Basale
What kind of cells are located in the stratum basale
Keratinocytes
tactile (Merkel) cells
epidermal dendritic cells
melanocytes
What cell plays a big part in skin color
Melanocytes
Skin layer that consists of several layers of cells that have numerous spine-like projections. Limited amount of mitotically active cells`
Stratum Spinosum
Skin layer that consists of 3-5 layers of flattened cells containing dark staining granules. The process of keratinization begins in this layer
Stratum Granulosum
Skin layer that consists of 2-3 rows of clear, flat dead cells. Only exists in the palms, soles and lips
Stratum Lucidum
Skin layer that consist of 20-30 layers of flattened, dead, scale like cells
Stratum Corneum
What is cornification
the hardening flattening process that takes place as cells migrate to the surface
This results from stimulation of the stratum basale cells
Callus
does this skin have sebaceous glands
No
What are the different characteristics of thick skin vs thin skin
thick skin is found on palms, soles. It contains all 5 layers of the epidermis and does not contain hair follicles or sebaceous glands
What are the 3 main contributors to skin color
Melanin
hemoglobin
carotene
What causes albinism
your cells do not produce melanin. You have to be careful while in the sun
what is vitiligo
patches of cells that don’t produce melanin
This is blueness due to lack of oxygen in the blood
Cyanosis
Blueness in the extremities
Acrocyanosis
Lack of flow of hemoglobin
Pallor of the hand in anemia
What causes Jaundice
excess bilirubin
Blanching caused by pressing on area of body with fingers on a dead person. Can usually see this within the first 6 hours of death
Postmortem Lividity
Localized overgrowth of melanin forming cells
Mole
genetically determined aggregated patches of increased melanin production
Freckles
congenial abnormality that results in skin discoloration due to blood vessels that proliferate
Hemangioma
These are caused by underlying dermal papillae and help us to grip things better
Epidermal friction ridges
The outermost layer of the dermis
Stratum Papillarosum
What connects the epidermis and the dermis
epidermal ridges and dermal papillae
Stratum reticularosum
dermal layer where you can find collagen and elastin fibers that effect stretchynes
Where are blood vessels found in the skin
Stratum reticularosum in the dermis
Stretching the skin too much (stretch marks)
Striae (lineae albicantes_
Lines of cleavage and their role in scar tissue formation
lines in skin caused by elastic fibers. Make cuts along lines of cleavage for better healing
Continuous pressure on body parts or regions
Decubitus ulcers (bed sores)
Have to move about every 2 hours to prevetnt these
what is stored in the hypodermis
loose fibrous connective tissue
Blood vessels
fat (adipose tissue)
