Cartilage and bone tissue Flashcards
These form from stress as tendons repeatedly move access a joint
Sesamoid bones
What is the biggest sesamoid bone in our bodies
patella
What produces chartilage
chondroblasts
what helps maintain cartilage matrix
mature condrocyte
the 3 functions of cartilage
- supporting soft tissue
- provides a gliding surface at articulation where two bones meet
- serve as a model for later bone development
Hyaline cartilage and where it is found
model cartilage for later developing bone.
Contributes to structures of respiratory tract, fetal skeleton, growth plates and joints
Fibrocartilage and where it is found
flexible and capable of withstanding considerable pressure
Intervertebral disks and pubic symphysis
Where is elastic cartilage found
ear
Functions of bones
allow us to move
Protect delicate organs
hematopoeisis
What is hematopoeisiss
making of blood cells
Where does hematopoeisis occur
active red marrow of the sternum, vertebrae, pelvis and proximal ends of bones of thigh and upper arm
What stimulates hematopoeisis
erythropoietin
where is the best place to do a sternal bone marrow biopsy
posterior portion of the ilium
what is the shaft of a long bone called
diaphysis
what is located inside the diaphysis
yellow marrow
What are the ends of the long bone called
epiphysis
what is located inside the epiphysis
red marrow
periosteum
covers the outside of bones, generally merges into tendons
medulary cavity
inside diaphysis of bone, usually contains yellow marrow
endosteum
lining on inside of bone
Nutrient foramen
allows passage of blood vessels to keep bone alive
allows long bones to increase in length
epiphyseal growth plate
What stimulates the epiphyseal growth plate and where is it produced
Human growth hormone
Pituitary gland
When the epiphyseal growth plate ossifies what is it replaced with
epiphyseal line
what increases bone width
pulling stress on the periosteum
what produces bone
osteoblast
what helps maintain bones
osteocytes
what breaks down bones
osteoclasts
the spongy bone found between the layers of compact bone in the skull
dipole
2 layers of bone
Compact bone (dense)
Spongy bone (cancellous)
intramembranous ossification
membranous tissue becomes bone
Where does intramembranous ossification occur
flat bones of skull
zygomatic bone
maxilla
mandible
collar bone
sesamoid bones
endochondral ossification
hyaline cartilage becomes bone
Stress fracture
caused by excessive use on an area
Pathologic fractures
break occurs in diseased bone
closed fracture
no break in skin
open fractrue
break in skin
comminuted fracture
break into multiple bone fragments
Spiral Fracture
break spirals down the bone in response to severe twisting
greenstick fracture
break but not completely
usually only occurs in children due to their bones not being completely ossified
depressed skull fracture
break in skull
displaced fractrue
loss of normal anatomy (bone not in right spot after break)
non-displaced fracture
no loss of normal anatomy
clinical signs of osteopenia/osteoporosis
bones are more brittle and tend to demineralize resulting in insufficient ossification
