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AP 100 > Integumentary Sys. > Flashcards

Integumentary Sys. Flashcards

1
Q

funcs. of skin (6)

A

thermoregulation
protection
cutaneous sensation
excretion and absorption
synthesis of vitamin D
immunity

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2
Q

The integumentary system consists of

A

skin and derivatives such as hair, glands, sensory structures, nails

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3
Q

being that skin is stratified, keratinized epithelium with lipids, it provides a _______ and _______ _____ barrier

A

mechanical and water proof

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4
Q

sebum keeps skin soft and controls ______ ____

A

bacteria growth

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5
Q

protects from UV-ray damage

A

melanin

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6
Q

rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults are disorders of ______ __ deficiency

A

vitamin D

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7
Q

skin consists of (2)

A

epidermis and dermis

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8
Q

-deep to dermis
-not part of skin
-anchored to dermis via fibers and areolar tissue
-contains many adipocyte, blood vessels that supply the skin, pressure receptors

A

subcutaneous layer (hypodermis)

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9
Q

epidermis is ________

A

avascular

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10
Q

4 types of cells in epidermis

A

keratinocytes, melanocytes, Langerhans cells, Merkel cells

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11
Q

feats of keratinocytes

A

-makes up 90% of epidermal cells
- produce and fills up with keratin
-produces lamellar granules

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12
Q

what do lamellar granules do

A

release lipid-based waterproofing sealant that fills intercellular spaces and impedes invasion of microbes

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13
Q

what is keratin and what does it do

A

fibrous protein that provides protection from heat, abrasion, microbes and chemicals

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14
Q

what do melanocytes do

A

produce melanin (black-brown pigment) and provides protection from UV-rays

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15
Q

Merkel cells are found in the _______ layer of epidermis and connect to _________ _____

A

Deepest, Merkel (tactile) discs (nerve endings)

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16
Q

5 layers of epidermis (bsglc)

A
  1. stratum basale (stratum germinativum)
  2. stratum spinosum
  3. stratum granulosum
  4. stratum lucidum
  5. stratum corneum
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17
Q

one of the 5 layers of epidermis with 8-10 rows of closely packed spiny, polyhedral keratinocyte cells

A

stratum spinosum

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18
Q

one of the 5 layers of epidermis with cells that develop darkly staining granules (of keratohyalin), contain lamellar granules, and undergoes apoptosis

A

stratum granulosum

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19
Q

epidermal layer found only in the skin of the palms and soles of feet with 3-5 layers of clear, flat, and dead keratinocytes

A

stratum lucidum

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20
Q

epidermal layer with 25-30 rows of flat dead keratinocytes completely filled with keratin

A

stratum corneum

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21
Q

an abnormal thickening of the stratum corneum from constant friction

A

callus

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22
Q

what is keratinization

A

4 week process in the epidermis in which cells form in a basal layer, rise up to the surface, become keratinized, die (apoptosis) and are sloughed off. Forms protective layer

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23
Q

2 layers of dermis

A

papillary region and reticular region

24
Q

the papillary region of the dermis consists of ________ connective tissue with fine elastic fibers

A

areolar

25
Q

_______ _____ indent the epidermis and contain capillary loops and Meissner’s corpuscles

A

dermal papillae

26
Q

the dermal layer that is the deepest, makes up ~ 4/5 of dermis, and consists of dense, ________ connective tissue

A

reticular region, irregular connective tissue

27
Q

formation of scar tissue

A

fibrosis

28
Q

scars that are slightly raised above the original wound

A

hypertrophic scars

29
Q

scars that extend well beyond the boundaries of the original wound

A

keloid scars

30
Q

skin colour is due to 3 pigments

A

melanin
carotene
hemoglobin

31
Q

a recessive skin colour disorder that results in no skin, hair, or eye pigmentation

A

albinism

32
Q

an autoimmune disorder that results in partial or complete lose of melanocytes in patches of skin turning them white

A

vitiligo

33
Q

epidermis conforms to underlying nipple-like projections of the dermal papillae creating ridges on skin

A

epidermal ridges

34
Q

accessory structures of the integumentary sys (3)

A

hair, exocrine skin glands, nails

35
Q

2 functions of hair

A

protection (prevents things from getting into eyes, nose, ears, etc..)
sensory (touch receptors at the base of hairs)

36
Q

hair itself is _____, and composed of a column of keratinized cells of _________ origin

A

dead, epithelial

37
Q

the root of hair is _____ the epidermis and the ______ extends out of the follicle

A

below, shaft

38
Q

the hair root is surrounded by the ____ ______

A

hair follicle

39
Q

at the base of the hair follicle is an ________ bulb that consists of the papilla of the hair and the matrix of the bulb where a ring of cells forms the _______ layer where the hair grows from

A

enlarged, germinal

40
Q

muscles that make hairs stand up

A

arrector pili muscles

41
Q

nerve endings at the base of hair follicles

A

hair root plexuses

42
Q

a disorder of excessive hair growth partially caused by excess androgens (male sex hormones)

A

hirsutism

43
Q

exocrine glands of the skin (4)

A

sebaceous (oil)
sudoriferous (sweat)
ceruminous (wax)
mammary

44
Q

sebaceous glands are often associated with ___ _______. The secreting portion lies in the ______.

A

hair follicles,
dermis

45
Q

sebum is a mixture of _______, cholesterol, salts, and ______ that keeps hair and skin from ______ out and protects against some growth of _______.

A

triglycerides, proteins, drying, bacteria

46
Q

2 types of sudoriferous glands (sweat)

A

eccrine sweat glands and apocrine sweat glands

47
Q

Eccrine sweat glands produce _____ sweat that help with _________ cooling. Apocrine sweat glands produce ______ sweat containing lipids and proteins with the ducts opening into hair follicles of armpits and pubic region.

A

watery, evaporative, viscous

48
Q

what does ceru mean

A

wax

49
Q

ceruminous glands are found in the _____ ______ ____ and open into the ducts of ________ glands where _______ is produced

A

external auditory meatus, sebaceous, cerumen

50
Q

fingernails are composed of clear and hard _______ cells

A

keratinized

51
Q

the nail is divided into ____ and ____

A

body and root

52
Q

the thickened stratum corneum that secures the free edge of the nail at the fingertip

A

hyponychium

53
Q

another word for cuticle

A

eponychium

54
Q

what is the luluna of the nail

A

the white crescent at base of nail

55
Q

the site of growth of the nail is the _______, where _______ cells are transformed into nail cells

A

matrix, epidermal

56
Q

disorders of the integumentary sys.

A
  1. boils
  2. burns
  3. dermatitis or eczema
  4. fungal infections (mycoses)
  5. herpes simplex virus
  6. hives
  7. impetigo
  8. moles
  9. open wounds or sores
  10. psoriasis
  11. scar tissue
  12. skin cancer
  13. ulcers
  14. warts
57
Q

signs of inflammation (5)

A

redness, swelling, pain, heat, loss of function

AP 100 (11 decks)

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