Integumentary Flashcards
eczema
acute: erythematous, pruritic, weeping vesicles
subacute: erythema and scaling
chronic: think, lichenified, pruritic plaques
Furuncle (Boil)
deep seated infection of the pilosebaceous unit, usually by S. aureus
Acute onset of tender red nodule with pus center.
adjacent lesions can form a coalescent purulent mass or carbuncle forms
Tinea
Noncandidal fungal infection Lesions vary in appearance. Microscopic examination of skin scraping with KOH shows hyphae. Tinea corporis: nonhairy parts. round active margins with central clearing- annular shape Tinea cruris: groin and inner thigh Tinea capitis: scalp Tinea pedia: feet Tinea unguium: nails
Pityriasis rosea
Not contagious.
Sudden onset of primary (herald) oval/ round plaque.
Eruption 1-3 weeks later, may be itching.
Lesions: pale, erythematous, flat papules and plaques with fine scaling. On the trunk and extremities.
Trunk lesion: parallel alignment.
Psoriasis
well circumscribed, dry, silvery, scaling papules and plaque
30% has psoriatic arthritis
May have pitting nail, oncholysis, subungual thickening
Rosacea
Telangiectasis, erythema, papules, and pustules on forehead, cheeks, nose.
no iting, may have stining pain.
Tissue hypertrophy of the nose (rhinophyma)
Herpes Zoster (Shingles)
pain, ithing, burning red swollen plaques/ vescicles
Does not cross midline.
After eruption, may have postherpetic neuralgia.
Herpes Simplex
Type 1: oral
Type 2: genital
group vesicles with erythematous base and then erode,, forming a crust
Lyme disease
Early localized infection: single erythema migrans skin lesion, with central clearing
Early disseminated infection: multiple lesions, neurologic symptoms such as facial palsy, meningitis, encephalitis, or carditis symptoms with lightheadedness, palpitations, dyspnea, chest pain, syncope
Late: arthritis or dermatitis
Acanthosis Nigricans
By insulin resistance and hyperinsulinism
Malignant form: tumor products with insulin-like activity or transforming growth factor alpha
Basal Cell Carcinoma
various clinical forms: nodular, pigmented, cystic, sclerosing, superficial
most frequently on exposed parts
Persistent sore/ lesion, may be itching
Shiny nodule that is pearly or translucent
Squamous Cell carcinoma
most common in sun exposed area, esp rim of ear and lower lip
wartlike growth, may have crusting and bleeding
scaly red patch
Malignant Melanoma
ABCDE
extension of pigment backward onto the proximal nail fold
Kaposi Sarcoma
soft purple painless lesion
Alopecia Areata
Sudden rapid hair loss
Scarring Alopecia
replacement of hair follicles with scar tissue
Traction Alopecia
Result of prolonged tightly pulled hairstyles
Paronychia
Inflammation of the paronychium
acute: trauma/ manipulation
chronic: repeated moisture exposure
redness, swelling and tenderness. With purulent drainage accumulates under cuticle
Onychomycosis
fungus growth
No pitting
Subungual Hematoma
trauma causing immediate bleeding and pain to nail
Hematoma remains until nail grow out/ decompression
Oncholysis
loosening of the nail plate that begins at the distal groove
r/t long nails, psoriasis, hyperthyrodism
Koilonychia
Spoon nails- central depression with lateral elevation
r/t iron deficiency, syphilis, hypothyrodism
Beau Lines
Transverse depression at the bases of the lunulae
temporary r/t systemic disorders
White Banding (Terry nails)
whitening of proximal half to 3/4 of nailbed
r/t cirrhosis, CHF, DM2, aging
Polymorphic Eruption of Pregnancy
Erythematous urticaria like papules and plaques starting on abdomen, spreading to thighs, buttocks and arms after a few day
Intense pruritic
seborrheic dermatitis
scalp: scaling, adherent, thick, yellow and crusted (cradle cap)
other areas: erythematous, scaling, and fissure
Miliaria Rubra
Prickly Heat (heat rash)
Impetigo
usually by stap/ strep
lesion: itching and burning, typically on the face
macule-> vesicle/ bulla
lesion crusts with honey color from vesicle/ bulla rupture
May have regional lymphadenopathy
Chicken pox
direct contact/ droplet/ airbrone
Incubation: 2-3 weeks
Communicability: 1-2 days before rash until lesions crusted over
rash starts on scalp, then moves to extremities
Multiple complications
Measles (Rubeola）
invasion of respiratory epithelium
droplet/ airbrone precaution
Includes thymus, spleen, lymph nodes, liver, skin, conjunctiva, lung
Red blotchy rash first on face then to trunk and extremities with fever, conjunctivitis, stuffy nose and cough
koplik spots (white macular lesions on buccal mucosa)
Confluent patches
German Measles
droplets precaution, most contagious when rash is erupting
fever, stuffy nose, sore throat, cough-> macular rash on face and trunk-> papular
Forchheimer spots: reddish spots on the soft palate during the prodrome/ first day of rash
Trichotillomania
Hair pulling
Actinic Keratosis
atypical squamous cells usually r/t sun exposure. Superficial.
Can progress to squamous cell carcinoma over time
raised, gritty, erythematous lesion with irregular rough surface
