integumentary

Question 1

functions of skin

Answer 1

thermoreg, sensation, exocrine, protective barrier, chemical barriers, transportation, filtration,

Question 2

layers:

Answer 2

simple-1 layer veins +caps, stratifies= many, pseudo strat= looks like 1 but is many, transitional: varries w stretch ( bladder)

Question 3

shapes:

Answer 3

squamous: flat, cuboidal= cube, coloumnar= coloumns)

Question 4

endocrine vs exocrine

Answer 4

endo- secretes hormones directly into blood
exo- mucous, sweat, saliva, GI enzymes ( ducts)

Question 5

ct matrix is secreted by…

Answer 5

blast cells, made of fibrous proteins

Question 6

loose ct

Answer 6

aerolar: collagen+ elastin (gel matrix)
adipose tissue: stores fats, small matrix conncts ct to basement, reticular: fine collagen fibers

Question 7

dense ct

Answer 7

tendons, ligmments, fascia, blood

Question 8

neuroglia:

Answer 8

astrocytes: BBB, ependymal-CSF, Microglial-immune, schwann cells- myelin sheath in PNS, oligodendrocytes- myelin sheath in CNS

Question 9

epidermis is made up of ____ _____ cells

Answer 9

stratified squamous

Question 10

dermis is made up of _____ ___ ct

Answer 10

dense irregular ct

Question 11

subcutaneous layer is made up of

Answer 11

areolar & adipose tissue

Question 12

layers of strata in order…..

Answer 12

basal, spinosum, granulosum, lucidium, corneum

Question 13

wound healing stages

Answer 13

inflammation, proliferation, maturation

Question 14

inflammation stage

Answer 14

BV constrict and seal themselves off & platletes clot, neutrophils clean, phagocytes breakdown bacterial, BV dilate

Question 15

proliferation stage:

Answer 15

new granuation tissue made up of collagen, angiogenesis, damaged cells–> fibroblasts

Question 16

maturation

Answer 16

non functional fibroblasts–> functional , cell activity decreases, BV recedes,

Question 17

skin sensory receptors

Answer 17

free nerve endings: nocicreceptors(pain
merkel discs( light pessure)
root hair plexus: hair movement
touch pressure receptors: puncini corpususcles ( high freq vibration)
thermoreceptors
proprioreceptors: spindle fibers, golgi tendon, messiner corpuscle, ruffinin corpuscles (crude/persistent touch), Krause corpuscles,

Question 18

5 cardinal signs

Answer 18

reddness, heat, pain, lost ROM, swelling

Question 19

what are the causes for edema?

Answer 19

1) too much hydrostatic pressure inside capillaires–> more fluid leaves the interstitium & can not be reabsobed by the vein
2)gap junctions allow fluids to go back & forth, ++histamine release–> + permeability–> more fluid leaves–> edema ( anaphylaxis)
3) not enough protein ( albumin made in liver) to pull water back into the vein—> edema

Question 20

burns are most common amongst….

Answer 20

young males ( 18-35yrs)

Question 21

rhabdomyolysis

Answer 21

the breakdown of skeletal muscle–> arrhythmias, AKF, fluid shift, edmea, shock

Question 22

burn classifications

Answer 22

Superficial burns: like a sunburn no blistering
Partial thickness: dermis + part of dermis (2 types)
Superficial partial: painful, epidermis and some dermis
Deep partial: superficial and dermis, follicles and glands are damaged, blisters, very painful
Full thickness: all dermis—> Sub Q: white-waxy, black, This area itself does not hurt, though surroundings are very painful, could have eschar: blackened burnt skin
Subdermal: burnt muscle and below structures

Question 23

alkaline burns causes

Answer 23

liqufactive necrosis *worse kind of burns

Question 24

acid burns cuases

Answer 24

coagulation necrosis causes eschar limits penetrating