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a&P & patho finals > fluids/electrolytes > Flashcards

fluids/electrolytes Flashcards

1
Q

intracellular fluids

A

25-28L

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2
Q

extracellular fluids…

A

interstitial-11-12L
plasma-3L
Transcellular fluid=<1L

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3
Q

fluid homeostasis mechanisms for the kidney?

A

RAAS:
1. renin released from the juxtagomerular cells
2) liver secretes ang1 in response–> ANG2 by ACE-
3) ANG2 —> peripheral vaso D/ inhibition od iuretic hormones, promotes athersclerosis/vascular spasms+ cardiac iontropy,
4) sitms the release of aldosetron: ++ the Na/K+ channel expression on nephron cells to reabsorb more Na+-++K+ secreted

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4
Q

isotonic

A

balance between solute in cell and solvent extracellular

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5
Q

Hypotontic solution

A

extracellular space is to dilute (too much water) so Na+ moves more water into intracellular space: cell swells

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6
Q

hypertonic solution

A

+ net movement of water out of the body & into the solution. cell shrivels & dies

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7
Q

normal Blood ph

A

7.35-7.45

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8
Q

norm urine ph

A

5.5-6.5

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9
Q

norm K+

A

3.5-5.1

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10
Q

H2CO3 is a strong acid true/false

A

false- weak acid (bicarb)

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11
Q

norm Na+

A

135-142

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12
Q

norm Ca2+

A

4.3-5.3 Eq/L
regulated through GI reabdorption/kidneys/bone & minerals ( calcitonin PTH)

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13
Q

causes for hypocalcemia:

A

-<2mmol/L, caused by decreased PTH, increased phosphate retention, alkalosis, decrease albumin ( protein)

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14
Q

hypocalcemia manifestations:

A

increased neuron excitability (spasm/parenthesia,hyperreflexia), Trousseau’s signs, chrostek’s signs, neg iontropic effect, decreased BP

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15
Q

hypercalcemia causes

A

> 2.6mmol/L
- caused by PTH, thiazide diuretics, prolonged immbolization, acidosis

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16
Q

hypercalcemia manifestations…

A

decreased neuron excitability (weakness), positive iontropic effect, dysrhythmias, loss of bone density, kidney stones, -AD—> hypovolemeia, renal failure

17
Q

how do we get Ca2+ into the body…….

A
  • PTH (stim=low Ca2+),
  • Vit D: calcitol ++ ca2+ reabsorption by the kidneys by raising ECF Ca2+
  • Calcitionin: decreases ECF Ca2+ to make bone matrix & inhibits Ca2+ reabsorption by the kidneys
18
Q

hyponatremia & causes:

A

deficiency of Na+<135mmol/L, caused by excessive sweating/V/D, aldosterone deficit, too much H2o intake, renal failure, K+ sparing diuretics

19
Q

manifestations of hyponatremia….

A

poor nerve conduction, muscle cramps, fluid shifts from ICF–> ECF (adh secreted), headaches

20
Q

hypernatremia

A

> 145mmol/L, excessive Na+ caused by water loss, insufficent fluid intake, kidney disease, uncontrolled diabetes, diabetes insipidus & dementia

21
Q

K+ is the main intracellular cation (t/F)

A

True

22
Q

normla blood K+ concentration is

A

3.5-5.0

23
Q

K+ is regulated by ….

A

ALDO, increases Na/K+ pump expression and ++ excretion of K+

24
Q

hypokalemeia

A

<3.8mEq/L, caused by decreased dietary intake, increased ALDO, thiazide loop diuretics

25
Q

manifestations for hypokalemia

A

muscle weakness starting in legs, parenthesia, decreased GI motility, increasing PH, hyoventilation, polyuria (low st segment)

26
Q

hyperkalmeia

A

> 5.0mEq/L, due to severe burns, renal failure, decreased ALDO, K+ sparing diuretics, decreasing PH

27
Q

hyperkalemia manifestations…

A

muscular weakness, fatigue, N?, decreased urine output, decreasing PH, +vent, flatten pwaves, bradycardia

28
Q

kidney filters about ___ everyday

A

180L

29
Q

99% of fluids get excreted ( T/F)

A

False, 1%=excreted,—> 99% reabsorbed

30
Q

0.5ml/kg/hr is called

A

anuria

31
Q

the glomular basement layer does not allow plasma proteins across b/c….

A

it is negatively charged

32
Q

podocytes can be found

A

below the basilar membrane

33
Q

podocytes functions is to

A

have holes to not allow certain particles to pass through

a&P & patho finals (7 decks)

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