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PRNU 232 > Integumentary > Flashcards

Integumentary Flashcards

1
Q

when should topical iodine or chlorohexadine be avoided?

A

children <2 months old because their skin is more permeable than older children

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2
Q

why are burns more severe on children than adults?

A

same amount of thermal exposure will be more harmful because of thinner skin

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3
Q

macule vs patch

A

macule is flat and less than 1 cm in diameter

patch is flat at more than 1 cm in diameter

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4
Q

plaque

A

elevated w flat top
firm
greater than 1 cm in diameter

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5
Q

wheal

A

elevated area of edema
pale pink with light center

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6
Q

papule

A

elevated, palpable, firm
less than 1 cm

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7
Q

nodule

A

elevated, firm, circumscribed
bump comes from deeper in dermis, not coming from the surface like papule

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8
Q

vesicle

A

elevated, superficial, full of fluid
less than 1 cm

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9
Q

pustule

A

elevated, superficial, full of purulent fluid

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10
Q

bulla

A

vesicle greater than 1 cm

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11
Q

cyst

A

elevated, palpable, full of liquid or semisolid material

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12
Q

what kind of lesion is present with varicella?

A

vesicle

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13
Q

what kind of lesion is present with impetigo?

A

pustule

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14
Q

when do wheals occur?

A

urticaria - allergic rash
big bites

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15
Q

what are examples of conditions that cause patches to occur?

A

port wine stain
vitiligo

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16
Q

what are examples of secondary lesions?

A

scales - psoriasis
crust - impetigo
fissure - athletes foot
ulcer - pressure injury
scar - surgical healing

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17
Q

what causes petechiae and purpura?

A

superficial bleeding under the skin

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18
Q

what size are petechiae and purpura?

A

petechiae pinpoint or up to 1 cm
purpura are larger spots and can present as bruises

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19
Q

what is congenital dermal melanocytosis?

A

gray or blue nevi on backside at birth

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20
Q

when is congenital dermal melanocytosis more common?

A

people with darker skin

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21
Q

nursing considerations for congenital dermal melanocytosis

A

important to document well
no treatment, fades over time, usually gone by puberty

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22
Q

acanthosis nigricans

A

hyperpigmentation of skin folds, often at neck and armpits
associated with obesity, prediabetes, insulin resistance, PCOS

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23
Q

common locations for scabies infestation?

A

groin
butt
webs of fingers
wrist folds

24
Q

how is scabies treated?

A

permetherin, ivermectin
entire household must be treated

25
signature sign of scabies
itching is worse at night
26
school policy for lice
can stay at school until end of day and return once treatment has started
27
how many eggs do lice lay?
7-10 every day
28
treating lice
wash all items used in 2 days before treatment unwashable items should be sealed in plastic bag for 2 weeks comb a lot and use permetherin
29
exanthem
rash associated with virus, bacteria, medications reaction to toxin produced by pathogen or reaction to antibiotics, NSAIDs, or anticonvulsants widespread, accompanied by fever, headache, malaise
30
what childhood diseases can cause exanthems?
measles, scarlet fever, rubella, fifth disease, roseola
31
measles symptoms
common cold: cough, runny nose, sore throat, fever
32
what are koplik spots?
white spots in mouth seen in measles
33
complications of measles
diarrhea otitis media pneumonia - most common cause of death bronchitis conjunctivitis and corneal ulceration, can cause blindness glomerulonephritis and renal failure
34
measles risks during pregnancy
premature labor fetal loss maternal death
35
what is immune amnesia?
measles infection can destroy B lymphocytes, destroying herd immunity for other pathogens that people have been vaccinated for
36
how can measles affect the central nervous system?
can cause encephalitis or encephalomyelitis long after infection
37
why is varicella infection risk for secondary infection?
bacteria can get into broken vesicles caused by varicella
38
what is dermatitis?
inflammation of the dermis, can be acute or chronic
39
what kind of dermatitis is diaper dermatitis?
contact dermatitis
40
how is diaper dermatitis treated?
thick barrier creams water-only wipes water-only bath air time use topical hydrocortisone only for short term
41
what kind of dermatitis is cradle cap?
seborrheic dermatitis too much sebum production makes an oily crust
42
how is cradle cap treated?
gentle brushing anti-seborrheic shampoos tea tree oil hydrocortisone or anti fungal creams
43
dermatitis irritants to avoid
fabrics other than cotton avoid scratching, short fingernails ointments, not lotions avoid fragrances avoid hot water
44
atopic dermatitis
chronic eczema condition with itchy, dry, inflamed skin
45
which groups have higher rates of atopic dermatitis
african american children females
46
pathophysiology of atopic dermatitis
increase in IgE causes inflammation deficiency of filaggrin protein causes epidermal barrier dysfunction disruption in barrier causes further inflammation and itching
47
primary prevention of atopic dermatitis
breast feeding topical moisturizers for infants
48
common atopic dermatitis triggers
fabric pollen, mold, dust, pet dander cold dry air fragrances smoke
49
signs and symptoms of atopic dermatitis
dry rough itchy skin hypopigmentation of skin pallor around nose, mouth, ears swollen lymph nodes
50
atopic dermatitis treatment
antihistamines corticosteroids and immunomodulators hydration
51
what causes lyme disease?
borrelia bacteria carried by ticks
52
who is at risk for lyme?
people on US east coast fetuses of mothers who have lyme people who spend a lot of time outdoors
53
preventing lyme exposure
tick checks after outdoor time dry clothes on high heat keep legs covered outdoors, long socks tick repellent with DEET
54
when is doxycycline indicated?
non-pregnant people exposed to deer tick for over 36 hours must be started within 72 hours of tick removal
55
signs of lyme after tick bite
3-10 days after bite fever, chills, headache, fatigue, muscle aches, swollen lymph nodes warm bullseye rash
56
long-term manifestations of untreated lyme
arthritis neurologic manifestations - inflammation of brain, spinal cord, nerve pain bells palsy severe headache and neck stiffness cardiac involvement (rare)
57
post-treatment lyme disease syndrome
persistent fatigue, achiness, headaches after treatment

PRNU 232 (7 decks)

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