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PRNU 232 > Integumentary > Flashcards

Integumentary Flashcards

1
Q

when should topical iodine or chlorohexadine be avoided?

A

children <2 months old because their skin is more permeable than older children

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2
Q

why are burns more severe on children than adults?

A

same amount of thermal exposure will be more harmful because of thinner skin

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3
Q

macule vs patch

A

macule is flat and less than 1 cm in diameter

patch is flat at more than 1 cm in diameter

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4
Q

plaque

A

elevated w flat top
firm
greater than 1 cm in diameter

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5
Q

wheal

A

elevated area of edema
pale pink with light center

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6
Q

papule

A

elevated, palpable, firm
less than 1 cm

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7
Q

nodule

A

elevated, firm, circumscribed
bump comes from deeper in dermis, not coming from the surface like papule

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8
Q

vesicle

A

elevated, superficial, full of fluid
less than 1 cm

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9
Q

pustule

A

elevated, superficial, full of purulent fluid

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10
Q

bulla

A

vesicle greater than 1 cm

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11
Q

cyst

A

elevated, palpable, full of liquid or semisolid material

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12
Q

what kind of lesion is present with varicella?

A

vesicle

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13
Q

what kind of lesion is present with impetigo?

A

pustule

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14
Q

when do wheals occur?

A

urticaria - allergic rash
big bites

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15
Q

what are examples of conditions that cause patches to occur?

A

port wine stain
vitiligo

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16
Q

what are examples of secondary lesions?

A

scales - psoriasis
crust - impetigo
fissure - athletes foot
ulcer - pressure injury
scar - surgical healing

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17
Q

what causes petechiae and purpura?

A

superficial bleeding under the skin

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18
Q

what size are petechiae and purpura?

A

petechiae pinpoint or up to 1 cm
purpura are larger spots and can present as bruises

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19
Q

what is congenital dermal melanocytosis?

A

gray or blue nevi on backside at birth

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20
Q

when is congenital dermal melanocytosis more common?

A

people with darker skin

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21
Q

nursing considerations for congenital dermal melanocytosis

A

important to document well
no treatment, fades over time, usually gone by puberty

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22
Q

acanthosis nigricans

A

hyperpigmentation of skin folds, often at neck and armpits
associated with obesity, prediabetes, insulin resistance, PCOS

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23
Q

common locations for scabies infestation?

A

groin
butt
webs of fingers
wrist folds

24
Q

how is scabies treated?

A

permetherin, ivermectin
entire household must be treated

25
Q

signature sign of scabies

A

itching is worse at night

26
Q

school policy for lice

A

can stay at school until end of day and return once treatment has started

27
Q

how many eggs do lice lay?

A

7-10 every day

28
Q

treating lice

A

wash all items used in 2 days before treatment
unwashable items should be sealed in plastic bag for 2 weeks
comb a lot and use permetherin

29
Q

exanthem

A

rash associated with virus, bacteria, medications
reaction to toxin produced by pathogen or reaction to antibiotics, NSAIDs, or anticonvulsants
widespread, accompanied by fever, headache, malaise

30
Q

what childhood diseases can cause exanthems?

A

measles, scarlet fever, rubella, fifth disease, roseola

31
Q

measles symptoms

A

common cold: cough, runny nose, sore throat, fever

32
Q

what are koplik spots?

A

white spots in mouth seen in measles

33
Q

complications of measles

A

diarrhea
otitis media
pneumonia - most common cause of death
bronchitis
conjunctivitis and corneal ulceration, can cause blindness
glomerulonephritis and renal failure

34
Q

measles risks during pregnancy

A

premature labor
fetal loss
maternal death

35
Q

what is immune amnesia?

A

measles infection can destroy B lymphocytes, destroying herd immunity for other pathogens that people have been vaccinated for

36
Q

how can measles affect the central nervous system?

A

can cause encephalitis or encephalomyelitis long after infection

37
Q

why is varicella infection risk for secondary infection?

A

bacteria can get into broken vesicles caused by varicella

38
Q

what is dermatitis?

A

inflammation of the dermis, can be acute or chronic

39
Q

what kind of dermatitis is diaper dermatitis?

A

contact dermatitis

40
Q

how is diaper dermatitis treated?

A

thick barrier creams
water-only wipes
water-only bath
air time
use topical hydrocortisone only for short term

41
Q

what kind of dermatitis is cradle cap?

A

seborrheic dermatitis
too much sebum production
makes an oily crust

42
Q

how is cradle cap treated?

A

gentle brushing
anti-seborrheic shampoos
tea tree oil
hydrocortisone or anti fungal creams

43
Q

dermatitis irritants to avoid

A

fabrics other than cotton
avoid scratching, short fingernails
ointments, not lotions
avoid fragrances
avoid hot water

44
Q

atopic dermatitis

A

chronic eczema condition with itchy, dry, inflamed skin

45
Q

which groups have higher rates of atopic dermatitis

A

african american children
females

46
Q

pathophysiology of atopic dermatitis

A

increase in IgE causes inflammation
deficiency of filaggrin protein causes epidermal barrier dysfunction
disruption in barrier causes further inflammation and itching

47
Q

primary prevention of atopic dermatitis

A

breast feeding
topical moisturizers for infants

48
Q

common atopic dermatitis triggers

A

fabric
pollen, mold, dust, pet dander
cold dry air
fragrances
smoke

49
Q

signs and symptoms of atopic dermatitis

A

dry rough itchy skin
hypopigmentation of skin
pallor around nose, mouth, ears
swollen lymph nodes

50
Q

atopic dermatitis treatment

A

antihistamines
corticosteroids and immunomodulators
hydration

51
Q

what causes lyme disease?

A

borrelia bacteria carried by ticks

52
Q

who is at risk for lyme?

A

people on US east coast
fetuses of mothers who have lyme
people who spend a lot of time outdoors

53
Q

preventing lyme exposure

A

tick checks after outdoor time
dry clothes on high heat
keep legs covered outdoors, long socks
tick repellent with DEET

54
Q

when is doxycycline indicated?

A

non-pregnant people
exposed to deer tick for over 36 hours
must be started within 72 hours of tick removal

55
Q

signs of lyme after tick bite

A

3-10 days after bite
fever, chills, headache, fatigue, muscle aches, swollen lymph nodes
warm bullseye rash

56
Q

long-term manifestations of untreated lyme

A

arthritis
neurologic manifestations - inflammation of brain, spinal cord, nerve pain
bells palsy
severe headache and neck stiffness
cardiac involvement (rare)

57
Q

post-treatment lyme disease syndrome

A

persistent fatigue, achiness, headaches after treatment

PRNU 232 (7 decks)

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