Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PRNU 232 > Cerebral and Musculoskeletal > Flashcards

Cerebral and Musculoskeletal Flashcards

1
Q

what factors can impact early fetal CNS development

A

infection
trauma
malnutrition
teratogens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

preventing neural tube defects

A

folic acid supplements
avoid cannabis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

why is high fat diet important for babies?

A

nerves are not yet fully myelinated, need fat for myelin sheath formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

normal head growth during first year of life

A

1 cm per month

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

moro reflex

A

startle reflex - lift by arms and let go
stops around 3-6 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

palmar reflex

A

curl and grasp
stops around 3-6 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

rooting reflex

A

turn and open mouth when cheek is stimulated
stops around 4 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

stepping reflex

A

walking motion when held upright
present for 6-8 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

fencing reflex

A

one arm stretches out and one arm bends when head turns to side
stops around 5-7 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

babinski reflex

A

toes flare when bottom of foot is tickled
present until 6-24 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

period of purple crying

A

babies cry a lot between 2 weeks and 3-4 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

shaken baby syndrome

A

comes from violent shaking
does not come from gentle bouncing or bumpy car ride
causes death 25% of the time
peaks during period of purple crying

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

risk factors for shaken baby syndrome

A

young parents
financial stress
premature or disabled baby
parental depression
parent abused as child

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

red flags for suspecting shaken baby syndrome

A

inconsistent story
no witness of injury
delay in seeking care
history of injuries
high risk social situation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

causes of increased ICP

A

tumors
accumulation of fluid
bleeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

clinical manifestations of increased ICP in infants

A

bulging fontanel
irritability
restless
drowsiness
poor feeding
“setting sun” bulging eyes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

clinical manifestations of increased ICP in children

A

headache
N/V
blurred vision
seizures
declining school performance
increased sleeping

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

late signs of increased ICP

A

bradycardia
poor motor and sensory response
decorticate or decerebrate posturing
optic nerve swelling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is scoliosis

A

lateral bend in spine
causes rib asymetry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

scoliosis risk factors

A

female sex
8-15 years
monozygotic twins
neuromuscular disorders: SB, CP, muscular atrophy or dystrophy
family history
high risk sports - gymnastic and ballet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

clinical manifestations of scoliosis

A

uneven shoulders, hips
one side of back higher when bending over

22
Q

how is scoliosis diagnosed?

A

xray of Cobb angle >10º

23
Q

when is bracing indicated for scoliosis?

A

20º-49º
skeletal immaturity

24
Q

when is surgery indicated for scoliosis?

A

> 50º

25
Q

what is cerebral palsy?

A

abnormal muscle tone and coordination
can be spastic, dyskinetic, or ataxic

26
Q

possible causes of CP

A

oxygen deprivation during labor
CNS maldevelopment in utero
bacterial meningitis or viral encephalitis
TBI

27
Q

what is spastic CP?

A

most common type
muscles are stiff from motor cortex damage
paralysis and muscle atrophy

28
Q

what is dyskinetic CP?

A

involuntary movements from basal ganglia damage
slow and jerky movement

29
Q

what is ataxic CP?

A

shaky movement and poor balance from cerebellum damage
gait disturbance

30
Q

early signs of CP

A

failure to meet developmental milestones
persistant infant reflexes
poor ability to feed or clear secretions
abnormal or rigid posturing
asymmetrical movement and hand preference
communication impairments
seizures

31
Q

med management of CP

A

muscle relaxants
benzos
botox
dopaminergics
anticonvulsants

32
Q

what is the most common cause of meningitis?

A

viral infection

33
Q

risk factors for meningitis

A

children under 5
immunocompromised - chemo, recent surgery or organ transplant

34
Q

common viruses that cause meningitis

A

enterovirus
mumps
influenza
HSV

35
Q

clinical manifestations of meningitis in infants

A

fever
irritability
poor feeding
pin prick rash
lethargy
seizures

36
Q

clinical manifestations of meningitis in children

A

fever
headache
photophobia and nuchal rigidity
N/V
difficult to wake
diminished appetite

37
Q

what is hydrocephalus?

A

increased cerebrospinal fluid in cerebral ventricles that puts pressure on the brain

38
Q

what is noncommunicating hydrocephalus?

A

obstruction of flow of cerebrospinal fluid

39
Q

what is communicating hydrocephalus?

A

too much absorption of cerebrospinal fluid

40
Q

what can cause hydrocephalus?

A

head trauma
stroke
tumors
meningitis
aqueductal stenosis
infection during pregnancy that can cause inflammation of brain tissue

41
Q

clinical manifestations of hydrocephalus

A

prominent scalp veins
increased head circumference
sunset eyes
enlarged fontanelles

42
Q

what are the more common types of fracture in ped population?

A

greenstick and compression fracture

complete break is much less common

43
Q

what is compartment syndrome

A

pressure within localized area compromises circulation to muscles and nerves

44
Q

what are the 3 major causes of brain injury in children?

A

falls
car accidents
bike and sports injuries

45
Q

initial treatment for concussions

A

rest for 48 hours

46
Q

when can child go back to school after concussion?

A

when they are able to get up and get ready for school without needing help and without experiencing symptoms

47
Q

when can child go back to sports after concussion?

A

no symptoms for 24 hours
not taking meds for concussion
able to do full work load at school

48
Q

what is second impact syndrome?

A

second concussion before first one heals
rapid swelling

49
Q

infant symptoms for meningitis

A

fever or hypothermia
poor feeding
bulging fontanel

50
Q

child symptoms for meningitis

A

headache, fever, vomiting, severe headache

sudden onset

51
Q

what is the most common cause of meningitis?

A

viral

PRNU 232 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions