Cardiac Flashcards
ductus arteriosus
shunts blood away from fetal lungs
ductus venosus
bypasses fetal liver because placenta does its job in utero
foramen ovale
opening between atria to bring oxygenated blood to left ventricle for circulation
what happens to the vessels when cord is clamped?
ductus venosus closes in first few hours
ductus arteriosus closes in first 12 hours
foramen ovale closes over first week of life
what prompts foramen ovale to close?
increased pressure in right side of heart prevents blood flowing from right to left atria
pediatric indicators of poor cardiac function
poor feeding
failure to thrive
tachypnea, tachycardia
developmental delay
family history of cardiac disease
focused pediatric cardiac exam
compare pulses and BP in 4 extremities
listen to murmurs and heart sounds
family history
maternal history, infections and meds during pregnancy
growth, development, energy level
signs and symptoms of systemic venous congestion
edema/weight gain
ascites
hepatomegaly
JVD
signs and symptoms pulmonary congestion
tachypnea
dyspnea
respiratory distress
exercise intolerance
cyanosis
signs and symptoms of poor myocardial function
tachycardia
cool extremities
fatigue
decreased BP and UOP
monitoring chest tube drainage
should notify surgeon if
3 ml/kg/hr for 3 hours
5-10 ml/kg/hr for 1 hour
normal cholesterol levels
total cholesterol <170
LDL <110
what is the most common congenital heart defect?
ventricular septal defect
causes of CHD
environmental exposure
maternal drug use - 50% of fetal alcohol syndrome has CHD
maternal infection, diabetes
chromosomal and genetic
how is pre and post ductural O2 sat measured
right extremity is preductural because blood does not have to pass ductus arteriosus
all other extremities are postductural because blood does have to pass ductus arteriosus
what kind of congenital heart diseases are acyanotic?
those that increase pulmonary blood flow
those that obstruct blood flow from the ventricles
what kind of congenital heart diseases are cyanotic?
those that decrease pulmonary blood flow
those that cause mixed blood flow
what congenital heart diseases increase pulmonary blood flow?
atrial septal defect
ventricular septal defect
PDA
atrioventricular canal defect
what congenital heart diseases obstruct blood flow from the ventricles?
coarctation of aorta
aortic stenosis
pulmonic stenosis
what congenital heart diseases decrease pulmonary blood flow?
tetralogy of fallot
tricuspid atresia
what congenital heart diseases cause mixed blood flow?
transposition of the great arteries
anomalous pulmonary return
truncus arteriosus
hypoplastic left heart syndrome
how is transposition of the great arteries treated?
prostaglandins to keep PDA open
surgical repair, atrial switch
hypoplastic left heart syndrome
cyanotic
small left ventricle
mitral valve small or closed
aortic valve small or closed
how does coarctation of the aorta affect blood pressure?
increased pressure in upper body
decreased pressure in lower body
