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PRNU 232 > Cardiac > Flashcards

Cardiac Flashcards

1
Q

ductus arteriosus

A

shunts blood away from fetal lungs

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2
Q

ductus venosus

A

bypasses fetal liver because placenta does its job in utero

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3
Q

foramen ovale

A

opening between atria to bring oxygenated blood to left ventricle for circulation

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4
Q

what happens to the vessels when cord is clamped?

A

ductus venosus closes in first few hours
ductus arteriosus closes in first 12 hours
foramen ovale closes over first week of life

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5
Q

what prompts foramen ovale to close?

A

increased pressure in right side of heart prevents blood flowing from right to left atria

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6
Q

pediatric indicators of poor cardiac function

A

poor feeding
failure to thrive
tachypnea, tachycardia
developmental delay
family history of cardiac disease

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7
Q

focused pediatric cardiac exam

A

compare pulses and BP in 4 extremities
listen to murmurs and heart sounds
family history
maternal history, infections and meds during pregnancy
growth, development, energy level

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8
Q

signs and symptoms of systemic venous congestion

A

edema/weight gain
ascites
hepatomegaly
JVD

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9
Q

signs and symptoms pulmonary congestion

A

tachypnea
dyspnea
respiratory distress
exercise intolerance
cyanosis

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10
Q

signs and symptoms of poor myocardial function

A

tachycardia
cool extremities
fatigue
decreased BP and UOP

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11
Q

monitoring chest tube drainage

A

should notify surgeon if

3 ml/kg/hr for 3 hours
5-10 ml/kg/hr for 1 hour

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12
Q

normal cholesterol levels

A

total cholesterol <170
LDL <110

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13
Q

what is the most common congenital heart defect?

A

ventricular septal defect

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14
Q

causes of CHD

A

environmental exposure
maternal drug use - 50% of fetal alcohol syndrome has CHD
maternal infection, diabetes
chromosomal and genetic

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15
Q

how is pre and post ductural O2 sat measured

A

right extremity is preductural because blood does not have to pass ductus arteriosus
all other extremities are postductural because blood does have to pass ductus arteriosus

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16
Q

what kind of congenital heart diseases are acyanotic?

A

those that increase pulmonary blood flow
those that obstruct blood flow from the ventricles

17
Q

what kind of congenital heart diseases are cyanotic?

A

those that decrease pulmonary blood flow
those that cause mixed blood flow

18
Q

what congenital heart diseases increase pulmonary blood flow?

A

atrial septal defect
ventricular septal defect
PDA
atrioventricular canal defect

19
Q

what congenital heart diseases obstruct blood flow from the ventricles?

A

coarctation of aorta
aortic stenosis
pulmonic stenosis

20
Q

what congenital heart diseases decrease pulmonary blood flow?

A

tetralogy of fallot
tricuspid atresia

21
Q

what congenital heart diseases cause mixed blood flow?

A

transposition of the great arteries
anomalous pulmonary return
truncus arteriosus
hypoplastic left heart syndrome

22
Q

how is transposition of the great arteries treated?

A

prostaglandins to keep PDA open
surgical repair, atrial switch

23
Q

hypoplastic left heart syndrome

A

cyanotic
small left ventricle
mitral valve small or closed
aortic valve small or closed

24
Q

how does coarctation of the aorta affect blood pressure?

A

increased pressure in upper body
decreased pressure in lower body

25
Q

what is kawasaki disease?

A

inflammation of coronary arteries due to immune response from infection or environmental trigger

26
Q

risk factors for kawasaki disease

A

age <5 years
male sex
white or asian ancestry

27
Q

signs and symptoms of kawasaki disease (crash and burn)

A

conjunctivitis
rash
adenopathy+lymphadenopathy
strawberry tongue, dry cracked lips
hands and feet have edema and redness
burn = fever

28
Q

how is kawasaki disease treated?

A

IV immunoglobulin
aspirin for inflammation (monitor for reye’s syndrome and bleeding)

29
Q

what is the most common cyanotic congenital heart defect

A

TOF

30
Q

maternal risk factors for TOF

A

rubella infection during pregnancy
poor nutrition
alcohol use
anticonvulsants
maternal age over 40
parent with TOF
down syndrome baby

31
Q

what is a tet spell?

A

period of cyanosis after crying or feeding

32
Q

signs and symptoms of TOF

A

cyanosis
irritability
systolic murmur
poor feeding, ftt

33
Q

what is seen in utero during ultrasound for TOF

A

large aortic root
small or hardened pulmonary artery
VSD
overriding aorta
right ventricular hypertrophy

PRNU 232 (7 decks)

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