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A&P of Cells, Tissues & Organs > Integument, Skeletal & Muscular > Flashcards

Integument, Skeletal & Muscular Flashcards

1
Q

Keratinocytes

A

-Most of the skin cells in the epidermis
-Produced by stem cells near basement membrane
-Cells grow flat, fill with vesicles of keratin and die
(Produces the waxy, waterproof protective barrier)
-Takes 30-40 days to reach outer layer and gets flaked off-dander

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2
Q

Melanocytes

A
  • Produce the pigment Melanin (Determines skin color)

- Environmental and physiological factors also influence production of melanin

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3
Q

What is apoptosis?

A

Cellular death

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4
Q

What is the deepest layer of skin?

A

Dermis

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5
Q

What is dermis composed of?

A 
Mainly connective tissue mostly but muscular and nervous tissue too.
-Collagen fibers and elastic fibers
-Blood vessels
-Separated into two regions
(-Papillary region (superficial))
(-Reticular region (deep))
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6
Q

Bone Tissue: Cells

What are osteogenic cells?

A

Stem cells that give rise to other bone cells

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7
Q

Bone Tissue: Cells

What are Osteocytes?

A

Former osteoblasts that become trapped in matrix they deposited
-They reside in tiny cavities called lacunae which, are connected together by narrow channels called canliculi

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8
Q

Bone Tissue: Cells

What are Osteoblasts?

A

Bone matrix forming cells - Stimulate bone matrix formation

B for blast and B for build

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9
Q

Bone Tissue: Cells

What are Osteoclasts?

A

-Bone matrix dissolving cells found on the bone surface
-Release minerals (Calcium) into bloodstream
C for clasts and C for chew

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10
Q

Compact Bone & Spongy Bone

A
  • Both contain the four categories of bone cells
  • Both contain the same extracellular matrix
  • Difference is that the extracellular matrix is arranged differently
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11
Q

Two Types of bone marrow

A
  1. Red bone marrow

2. Yellow bone marrow

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12
Q

What is red bone marrow?

A
  • Fills the space in spongy bone of long bones and flat bones
  • produces the three types of blood cells
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13
Q

What is hematopoiesis

A

Producing blood cells

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14
Q

What is yellow bone marrow

A
  • Fills the medullary cavity of the diaphysis of long bones and is composed of lipids (mainly triglycerides (in adults)
  • Lipid storage
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15
Q

How many bones do you have?

A

270 at birth and 206 in adulthood.

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16
Q

Identify 20 bones:

A
  • Skull
  • Pectoral Girdle
  • Thoracic cage
  • Pelvis
  • Patella
  • Tarsals
  • Parietal bone
  • Occipital bone
  • Mandible
  • Clavicle
  • Scapula
  • Humerus
  • Os Coxae
  • Ulna
  • Radius
  • Femur
  • Fibula
  • Tibia
  • Metatarsals
  • Phalanges
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17
Q

Spinal bones, curves & Region:

What are the 5 regions?

A
  1. Cervical region
  2. Thoracic region
  3. Lumbar region
  4. Sacrum region
  5. Coccyx region

Each region of the spine has a specific and normal curve to it

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18
Q

Thoracic Cage & Region:

What does it consist of?

A
  • 12 sets of ribs (2 floating)

- Sternum

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19
Q

Thoracic Cage & Region: The sternum has 3 regions

A

1) Manubrium
2) Body
3) Xiphoid Process

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20
Q

What is the Manubrium?

A

This is the broadest portion; the Suprasternal notch (at the top of the manubrium between the two clavicles) is easily palpated.

21
Q

What is the body of the sternum?

A

This is the longest portion; it joins the manubrium at the sternal angle (also called the angle of Louis(which is also the location of the second rib)

22
Q

What is the xiphoid process?

A

An important landmark for CPR; the xiphoid process provides an attachment point for some abdominal muscles.

23
Q

Which ribs are the true ribs?

A

Ribs 1-7; They attach to the sternum by a strip of hyaline cartilage called costal cartilage.

24
Q

What is Costal Cartilage?

A

A strip of hyaline cartilage that attaches the ribs to the sternum.

25
Q

What are false ribs?

A

Ribs 8-12

26
Q

Which are the floating ribs and why?

A

Ribs 11 and 12 because they do not attach to any part of the anterior thoracic cage

27
Q

What is the costal margins?

A

The lower edges of the thoracic cage.

  • They meet at the xiphoid process forming the costal angle.
  • The angle should be less than 90 degrees with exception to pregnancy and certain lung disease which increase the angle.
28
Q

What is the humerus?

A 
The long bone of the upper arm.
Consists of:
-The head
-Olecranon fossa
-Olecranon process
29
Q

What is the head of the humerus?

A

The enlarged end of this long bone is covered with articular cartilage; it articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula.

30
Q

What is the Olecranon fossa of the humerus?

A

This is a depression on the posterior side of the humerus.

31
Q

What is the Olecranon process?

A

This is the bony point of the elbow; it slides in the olecranon process when the arm is extended.

32
Q

What is the styloid processes of the radius and ulna?

A

The bony bumps that can be felt at the wrist.

33
Q

What is the radius?

A

One of the two bones of the lower arm; located on the same side as the thumb
Consists of:
-the proximal head
-radial tuberosity

34
Q

What is the proximal head of the radius?

A

A distinctive disc rotates on the humerus when the palm is turned backwards and forwards.

35
Q

What is the Radial Tuberosity?

A

Where the bicep muscles attaches to the bone.

36
Q

What is the ulna?

A

The other bone of the lower arm; longer than the radius.

37
Q

What is the ilium?

A

A large, flaring section you can feel under the skin.

38
Q

What is the ischium?

A

The lower posterior portion of the hip bones.

39
Q

What is the pubis?

A

The most anterior portion that joins with the other pubis at the symphysis pubis; a disc of cartilage that separates the two bones

40
Q

What is the Olecranon process?

A

This is the bony point of the elbow; it slides in the olecranon process when the arm is extended.

41
Q

What is the styloid processes of the radius and ulna?

A

The bony bumps that can be felt at the wrist.

42
Q

What is the radius?

A

One of the two bones of the lower arm; located on the same side as the thumb
Consists of:
-the proximal head
-radial tuberosity

43
Q

What is the proximal head of the radius?

A

A distinctive disc rotates on the humerus when the palm is turned backwards and forwards.

44
Q

What is the Radial Tuberosity?

A

Where the bicep muscles attaches to the bone.

45
Q

What is the ulna?

A

The other bone of the lower arm; longer than the radius.

46
Q

What is the ilium?

A

A large, flaring section you can feel under the skin.

47
Q

What is the ischium?

A

The lower posterior portion of the hip bones.

48
Q

What is the pubis?

A

The most anterior portion that joins with the other pubis at the symphysis pubis; a disc of cartilage that separates the two bones

A&P of Cells, Tissues & Organs (5 decks)

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