Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A&P of Cells, Tissues & Organs > Cardiovascular and Immune Systems > Flashcards

Cardiovascular and Immune Systems Flashcards

1
Q

What are the components of blood?

A
  • Formed Elements (45%)

- Plasma (55%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the Formed elements of the blood composed of?

A
  • Erythrocytes (about 98%)
  • Leukocytes (portion of the remaining 2%)
  • Thrombocytes (portion of the remaining 2%)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the components of Plasma?

A
  • Water (90%)
  • Plasma Proteins (8%)
  • Various dissolved solutes (2%)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

RBC (Erythrocytes)

A
  • Majority of the blood cells (Over 95%)
  • Have unique biconcave disc shape allows them to travel through small blood vessels
  • Contain hemoglobin
  • Main role is transport oxygen
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

WBC (Leukocytes)

A

Largest blood cell type but the fewest in number

  • Five different types of WBCs with specific functions
  • Overall functions is to protect the body from invading infectious pathogens such as bacteria and viruses
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Platelets -Thrombocytes

A
  • The smallest and second most abundant blood cell
  • Involved in the process of clotting the blood
  • Referred to as hemostasis - Cessation of bleeding
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is Hemostasis

A

Cessation of bleeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where is the heart located?

A

-Located in the mediastinum of chest and covered by the pericardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the heart composed of?

A

1) Base - Where the great vessels enter and leave the heart

2) Apex: The point of maximum impulse, where the strongest beat can be felt or heard

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the three layers of the heart?

A

1) Epicardium
2) Myocardium
3) Endocardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the heart?

A

A four chamber muscle organ that provides the ability to transport blood cells and nutrients throughout out bodies. Contracts approximately 2.5 billion times in a lifetime.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the four chambers?

A

1) Left and Right Atria
2) Left and Right Ventricle’
- Connected to the great vessels found at the base of the heart. Separated from one another and the great vessels by heart valves.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does the Atrias do?

A
  • Receive blood from the body and lungs

- Serves primarily as reservoirs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does the Ventricles do?

A

Pumps blood out to the body and lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the four heart valves?

A 
2 AV Valves
1) Right AV valve, tricuspid
2) Left AV valve, bicuspid, mitral
2 Semilunar valves
1)Aortic valve
2) Pulmonary Valve
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the right and left atria separated by?

A

A wall of myocardium called the interatrial septum. The walls of the atrium are thinner.

17
Q

What do the ventricles serve as?

A

Pumps; receiving blood from the atria

18
Q

What separates the ventricles?

A

Interventricular Septum
The walls of the atrium are thicker because they require more force to pump; Furthermore the left ventricle is stronger and requires thicker walls because it must push blood throughout the body

19
Q

What are the cardiac Conduction System Components?

A

1) Sinoatrial (SA) Node
2) Atrioventricular (AV) Node
3) Atrioventricular Bundle (Bundle of HIS)
4) Right and Left Bundle Branches
5) Purkinje Fibers

20
Q

What is the order of Cardiac Conduction?

A

The right (SA NODE) and Left atria contract (AV NODE) pumping their blood into their respective ventricles and then both the right and left ventricles contract pumping their blood into their respective vessels.

21
Q

Lymph and Lymph Vessels

A
  • Lymph fluid is the fluid found within the lymph vessels
  • Capillaries lose a lot of its overall plasma volume (including water, proteins and dissolved solutes) due to the pressure within the capillaries (Reabsorbs most of the fluids but not all when the pressure drops as it starts to form into venules)
  • Lymph vessels reabsorb remaining fluid
  • When theres an increase in how much cannot be absorbed by the capillaries it can create major complications in blood volume and edema causing SWELLING OF THE TISSUES. This fluid needs to be returned to the circulatory system.
22
Q

What are the function of the Lymphatic Nodes

A

1) Filtration: filters incoming lymph for any cellular debris, pathogens or any other random material through mostly phagocytic cells
2) Also, serve as a site for immune cell activation. Each node is highly concentrated with WBCs. For example, when a pathogenic bacteria is discovered within the lymph node, it can be detected immediately and acted upon .

23
Q

Lymph Nodes

A
  • Most numerous lymphatic organ; hundreds of them
  • Found along the lymphatic vessels
  • Clusters of them are found in the neck, axilla, chest, abdomen, groin, and popliteal regions
  • Filters the lymph fluid; acts as a water filter
24
Q

Anatomy of lymph nodes

A
  • A fibrous capsule encloses each lymph node
  • Connective tissue called TRABECULAE extend into the node, dividing it into compartments
  • The compartments, called CORTICAL NODULES, are filled with lymphocytes
  • A less dense area at the center of the compartments, called GERMINAL CENTERS, form and release lymphocytes when in infection is present
  • SINUSES lined with macrophages capable of phagocytosis separate the compartments. Lymph slowly flows through these sinuses in the process of being filtered.
  • Several AFFERENT LYMPHATIC VESSELS channel fluid into a node.
  • After slowly filtering through the node, lymph leaves through a single EFFERENT LYMPHATIC VESSEL
25
Q

Immune System: Non-specific (Innate)

A
  • Response is not dependent upon antigen exposure
  • Not antigen specific
  • Exposure to pathogen/antigen doesn’t create immunologic memory
  • Immediate response
26
Q

Immune System: Specific (Adaptive)

A
  • Response is dependent upon antigen exposure
  • Antigen specific
  • Exposure to antigen creates an immunological memory
  • Lag time between antigen exposure and response time
27
Q

Immune System: Two different responses

A

1) Specific (Adaptive)

2) Non-specific (Innate)

28
Q

Ways to get Immunity

A

1) Natural Active immunity: You get sick and promote immunity
2) Artificial Active Immunity: The body makes T Cells and antibiodies against a disease as a result of a vaccination
3) Natural Passive Immunity: when a fetus acquires antibodies from the mom in the placenta or breastfeeding
4) Artificial Passive Immunity: Obtaining serum from a person or animal and injecting in someone

29
Q

Three different classifications of immune dysfunction

A

1) Autoimmune
2) Immunodeficiency
3) Hypersensitivities

30
Q

AutoImmune

A
  • Immune system cannot distinguish between self antigens and foreign antigens
  • Tag and destroy own cells
  • Rheumatoid arthritis, Type 1 Diabetes, multiple sclerosis

A&P of Cells, Tissues & Organs (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions