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Organology > Integument Lecture > Flashcards

Integument Lecture Flashcards

1
Q

Largest organ of body

A

Skin

-16% of body wt

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2
Q

Functions of skin

A
  • Physical protection
  • Temperature
  • Vitamin D synthesis
  • Sweat excretion
  • Sensory perception
  • Reflects clinical disease processes
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3
Q

3 layers of skin

A

Epidermis
Dermis
Hypodermis

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4
Q

Classify epidermis

A

st sq epi w/variable keratinization

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5
Q

Epidermis is derived from

A

ectoderm

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6
Q

T/F epidermis is avascular

A

T

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7
Q

Dermis is made of

A

CT

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8
Q

Dermis is derived from

A

mesoderm

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9
Q

T/F dermis is avascular

A

F

vascular

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10
Q

Hypodermis is made of

A

loosely attaches dermis to deep fascia

-adipocytes, muscle, CT

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11
Q

Hypodermis derived from

A

mesoderm

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12
Q

T/F Hypodermis is avascular

A

F

vascular

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13
Q

Process of keratinization is also called

A

Cornification

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14
Q

Give layers of epidermis from deep to superficial

A 
1-Stratum basale
2-Stratum spinosum
3-Stratum granulosum
4-Stratum lucidum
5-Stratum corneum
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15
Q

What layer of epidermis is attached to basement membrane?

A

Stratum basale

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16
Q

Stratum basale is made of…

  • classify cells
  • This layer is also known as
A

Basal cells

  • Cuboidal/columnar cells
  • AKA germinal layer
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17
Q

When does mitosis occur

A

At night

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18
Q

How long does it take for new cell to reach epidermis from stratum basale?

A

20-30 days

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19
Q

Stratum spinosum number of cells layers

A

Variable #

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20
Q

What type of cells are in stratum spinosum?

-explain that cell

A

Keratinocyte

  • Most abundant cell in layer
  • polyhedral shape
  • produced by “basal cell”
  • capable of mitosis
  • have interceullular attachment by desmosomes: intercellular bridges”
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21
Q

What makes up stratum germinativum

A
  • stratum basale

- stratum spinosum

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22
Q

Pemphigus foliaceous

A

auto AB to DG-1 (affects s. spinosum)

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23
Q

Pemphigus vulgars

A

auto AB to DG-3 (affects s. spinosum)

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24
Q

Bullous pemphigoid

A

Auto AB to bollus pemphigoid Ag (BP Ag) (affects s. spinosum)

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25
Q

Stratum granulosum

-what happens to keratinocytes

A

Begin to flatten (dying) and STOP synthesis of keratin (intermediate filament)

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26
Q

What are keratohyalin granules in keratinocytes

A

basophilic, non-membrane granules

-filaggrin (proteins that make keratin filaments into bundles)

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27
Q

In stratum granulosum, contents of membrane coating granules are secreted btw

A

keratinocytes

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28
Q

Stratum lucidum is only present in

A

Areas of THICK skin…not commonly present in skin of domestic animals

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29
Q

How are the keratinocytes in S lucidum

A

DEAD

30
Q

What unique protein is in s. lucidum

A

eleidin

-Transformation product of keratohyalin (deposited in cytoplasm)

31
Q

How are keratinocytes in s. corneum?

A

Flat, dead kertinocytes

-Cytoplasm of keratinocytes replaced by keratin (aggregated keratin filaments)

32
Q

Stratum disjunctum

A

Surface layer of stratum corneum that is “flaking-off”

33
Q

Thin skin

  • hair follicles associated with
  • layers present
A

Hair follicles associated with glands

NO DEFINITIVE s. granulosum or s. lucidum

34
Q

Thick skin

  • Hair follicles associated with
  • layers present
A

Hair follicles are NOT associated with sebaceous glands

All layers present

35
Q

What makes up dermo-epidermal junction

A

Rete pegs

Dermal papillae

36
Q

Melanocytes are in epidermis
-where are they located?
-What do they do?
How are they made?

A

Melanocyte (“clear cell”)

  • In stratum basale
  • Make melanin
  • Converted from tyrosine by tyrosinase
  • ->contains copper ion
  • ->UV light actvates enzyme

Has melanosome: membrane bound bag where melanin made

37
Q

Explain cytocrine secretion in melanocyte

A

Melanin pigment formed in a melanosome and moves to tip of cytoplasmic process to become a melanin granule (storage site of melanin/no synthesis)

Keratinocyte surrounds process of melanocyte and pinches it off
–>Melanin pigment moves site above nucleus

NOW YOU HAVE MELANOPHORE
(keratinocyte containing melanin)

38
Q

Keratinocyte containing melanin

A

Melanophore

39
Q

Langerhans cell

  • where are they
  • what do they do
  • member of
A

Scattered in s. spinosum

“dendritic cell”
-APC: carries Ag to secondary lymphoid organ

Member of mononuclear phagpcyte system
-phagocytosis
Monocyte precursor
Fc receptors (for Ab)

40
Q

Merkel cell

  • located where
  • describe
A

S. basale

Prominent nucleus surrounded by unstained cytoplasm

Close association w/axon terminal of unmyelinated n
“mechanoreceptor”

sense of touch

41
Q

Cells of epidermis

A

Keratinocytes (melanophores) (s. basale)

Melanocytes (s. basale)

Langerhans cells (s. spinosum)

Merkel cells (s. basale)

42
Q

Junction of epidermis and dermis

  • where
  • whats involved
A

Basement mebrane

Involves epidermal pegs (rete pegs)

  • finger like projections
  • Interdigitate w/dermal papillae
  • ->Increase SA for attachment btw epidermis and dermis
43
Q

What type of CT is in dermis

A

DICT

Type I collagen (majority present)

44
Q

Dermal layers-2

A

Papillary layer

Reticular layer

45
Q

Papillary layer

A

Superficial layer adjacent to epidermis

46
Q

Reticular layer

A

Deep layer adjacent to hypodermis

47
Q

How to differentiate what layer of dermis you’re in

A

Look for sabecous glands
1/3 above=papillary layer
2/3 below= reticular layer

48
Q

Fixed cells of dermis

A 
Fibroblasts
Myofibroblasts
Fibrocytess
Pericytes
Adipocytes
Histiocytes (fixed MQ)
Mast cells
49
Q

Transient cells

A

Plasma cells
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
MQ

50
Q

Synonyms for hypodermis

A

Tela subcutanea

Superficial fascia

51
Q

What makes up hypodermis

A

LCT and adipose CT

52
Q

Hypodermis attaches

A

Dermis to deep fascia

53
Q

What structures can you find in hypodermis

A

Fat pads
Cutaneous muscles
Large blood vessels and nerves

54
Q

3 plexuses that give blood to skin

A

SQ or deep plexus
Cuteanous or middle plexus
Subpapillary or superficial plexus

Connections between these elements provide collateral flow to adjacent areas of skin

55
Q

Where are the dermal blood supply plexuses located

A

superficial: papillary layer

Middle: located around hair follicles and glands

Deep: located at junction of cutis and subcutis

56
Q

Parts of the hair

A
  • Hair proper (actual hair itself)
  • Hair follicle (encasement of hair)
  • Arrector pili muscle (hair follicle: basement membrane)
57
Q

Types of glands in skin

A

Sweat glands

  • apocrine
  • merocrine`
  • Sebaceous glands
58
Q

Shaft of hair

A

Free portion of hair above surface of skin

59
Q

Root of hair

A

Portion of hair in hair follicle (deep to surface of skin)

60
Q

Bulb of root

A

Terminal enlarged end of root in bottom of hair follicle

61
Q

Matrix of bulb of root

A

Stem-like cells that proliferte and keratinize to form the hair
Analogous to S basale of epidermis

62
Q

Layers of hair proper

A

Cuticle
Cortex
Medulla

63
Q

Cuticle of hair proper

-describe

A

Outer surface layer

Single layer of keratinized squamous epithelial cells

Cells overlap (as shingles on a roof)

Free edges point upward
–>Free edged interlock with free edges of cells in cuticle of internal root sheath which point downward

64
Q

Cortex of hair proper

-describe

A

Densely packed keratinized cells

-hard keratin

65
Q

Medulla of hair proper

A

Center of hair
Cuboidal to flattened cells
Horizontal orientation
Air spaces in shaft

66
Q

Hair follicle

-explain

A

An invagination of the epidermis and associated CT that surround the root of the hair

Orientated at an angle with reference of skin

67
Q

Glassy membrane

A

Thick basement membrane btw external root sheath and CT sheath

68
Q

Where does internal root sheath end

A

IRS ends at level where sebaceous gland opens into follicle

69
Q

Cuticle of hair follicle

A

Outer surface layer of internal root sheath adjaent to hair

Free edges point DOWNWARD

70
Q

External root sheath

  • classify
  • where does it go to
A

Continuous with epidermis at opening of hair follicle and continuous with IRS below opening of sebaceous gland

Organology (13 decks)

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