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Organology > Endocrine Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Endocrine Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Large acidophil granules in adenohyphsis of pituitary

A

Acidophils

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2
Q

What can acidophils be? What can they secrete?

A

Somatotrophs=GH

Lactotrophs /mammotrophs=PRL

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3
Q

Fine basophilic granules

A

Basophils

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4
Q

Basophils and acidophils are classified as

A

Chromophils

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5
Q

Basophils can be (3) and produce

A

Corticotrophs=ACTH
Thyrotrophs=TSH
Gonadotrophs=LH/FSH

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6
Q

Chromophils that have recently released granules

A

Chromophobes

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7
Q

Chromophobes are

A

Non-differentiated stem cells

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8
Q

What separates pars intermedia and pars distalis

A

Rathke’s pouch

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9
Q

What’s predominately in pars intermedia

A

Basophils that secrete ACTH and MSH

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10
Q

Describe herring body in pars nervosa

A

Pink swelling of large accumulation of hormone granules in axon terminals (oxy or AVP)

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11
Q

What are pituicytes

A

Small glial-type cells supporting nerve fibers in pars nervosa

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12
Q

Pituitary (hypophysis) divides into

A

Neurohypophysis and adenohypophysis

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13
Q

Neurohypophysis sub divides into

A

Pars nervosa
Infundibular stalk
Median eminence

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14
Q

Adenohypophysis sub divides into

A

pars tuberalis
pars distalis
pars intermedia

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15
Q

Thyroid follicles are stimulated by

A

TSH from pituitary

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16
Q

Thyroid follicles are mad up of

AKA

A

follicular cells

AKA principal cells

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17
Q

Follicular cell classification

A

simple cuboidal epithelial

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18
Q

What di follicular cells do

A

Take colloid or thyroglobulin inside the cell which is hydrolyzed to T3 or T4

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19
Q

What do parafollicular cells do

A

High in Ca2+ level and release calcitonin

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20
Q

3 things calcitonin does

A

Inhibites Ca2+ absorption by intestines

Inhibits osteoclasts

Increases Ca2+ in urine

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21
Q

Follicular cells size

A

Shorter cuboidal are less active

Taller cuboidal are more active

22
Q

How are parafollicular cells oriented in dog?

-Other species

A

Commonly grouped in dogs

Other species are structured more individually

23
Q

In active follicles, the periphery of colloid adjacent to apical to apical surface of follicular cells is…

A

Vaculated

24
Q

Rosettes in parathyroid contain

A

Chief cells arranged in circles

25
Q

Parenchyma of parathyroid is made up of

-Exception

A

Oxyphils and chief cells but you can only see chief cells

-Dogs lack oxyphils

26
Q

Low Ca2+ causes chief cells to

A

release parathyroid hormone which stimulates osteoclasts and decreases Ca2+ in urine

27
Q

What cells do dogs lack

A

Oxyphils

28
Q

Give zones from adrenal capsule to medulla

A 
Adrenal capsule
Zona glomerulosa
Zona fasciculate
Zona reticularis
Medulla
29
Q

Zona glomerulosa

  • makes
  • stimulated by
A

Makes mineralocorticoids
–> aldosterone :and secretes aldosterone synthase

Stimulated by Angiotensin II

30
Q

Zona fasciculata

  • makes
  • stimulated by
A

Glucocorticoids
–?Corticosterone cortisol secretes 11-beta hydroxylase

Stimulated by ACTH

31
Q

Zona reticularis

  • makes
  • stimulated by
A

Glucocorticoids and androgens
–>17-beta HSD and 3-beta HSD
(sex hormones)

Stimulated by ACTH

32
Q

Medulla makes

A

Epinephrine or noepinephrine

33
Q

Enzymes for steroid creation

A

Aldosterone synthase
11-Beta hydroxylase
17-B HSD and 3-beta HSD

34
Q

What zone has lipid droplets that show pronounced vacuolization?

  • ->What do these lipid droplets contain
  • ->What are cells called with lipid droplets
A

Zona fasciculata

  • ->droplets contain FA, cholesterol, and phospholipids which are precursors to glucocorticoids
  • ->Cells called spongiocytes
35
Q

In carnivores and horses 2 glomerulosa cells in zona glomerulosa are arranged in

A

Arcs

36
Q

T/F Sinusoids run length of adrenal cortex

A

T but become more visible in zona reticularis

37
Q

In zona reticularis, what do less active cells look like?

A

Lack vacuoles and more space between cells.

38
Q

What cells are in medulla

A

Chromaffin cells

39
Q

What are Chromaffin cells

A

Modified postganglionic sympathetic neurons that make catecholeneriase (noepinephrine and epinephrine)

40
Q

What is the master gland

A

Pituitary

41
Q

What does the pituitary gland develop from

A

Neural (diencephalon)

Oral (Rathke’s pouch) ectoderm

42
Q

Adenohypophysis

-Describe hormone production

A

Glandular
-hormone secretion controlled by neurons located in hypothalamus

MAKES HORMONES

43
Q

Neurohypophysis

-Describe hormone relationshiip

A

Site for hormone storge and release (regulation via hypothalamus)

44
Q

What kind of cells does the adenohypophysis have?

A

Acidophils + Basophils (together chromophils)

Chromophobes

45
Q

Most abundant cell in pars distalis

A

Acidophils

46
Q

Types of acidophils and what they release

A

Somatotrophs (GH) and lactotrophs/mammotrophs (PRL)

47
Q

What does oxytocin do?

A

Facilitates contraction of the uterine myometrium and myoepithelial cells of the mammary glands

48
Q

What does Arginine Vasopressin do?

A

Conserve body water by reducing the output of urine

49
Q

What could you find in Herring bodys?

A

Oxytocin and vasopressin

50
Q

3 classifications of hormones

A

Proteins
AA derivatives
Steroids and FA

51
Q

Hormones made by the hypothalmus

A 
Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)
Corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH)
Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH)
Growth Hormone releasing hormone (GHRH)
Dopamine (DA)
Vasopressin (AVP)
Oxytocin
52
Q

2 ways the pituitary gland secretes

A

1) Direct (example= Oxytocin and AVP
- Neurons directly communicate w/pituitary gland and oxy and AVP released

2) Indirect (example=CRH)
- Neurons stimulate primary plexus–>portal vein–>secondary plexus and diffused into glandular tissue where new hormone is made (example,CRH will stimulate ACTH to be made)

Organology (13 decks)

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